Causational relationship may exist but it is important to understand that the weight of the evidence greatly influences the correlation rather not by observation. The problem between the two is that correlation is totally different from causation. Correlation is involved with two or more things and it tends to happen at the same time and is majorly interrelated with each other but they are rather not necessary related through a cause and effect connection (Wallace & Van 2012). Correlations can thus be observed and is common in many researches and is regarded as the basis for the hypothesis testing of the true causal connection. However, causation may require an experiment to prove the argument; therefore the generalization that a given element causes the other should not be made basing on the fact that these two elements are correlated.
References
Wallace, D. P., & Van, F. C. (2012). Knowledge into action: Research and evaluation in library and information science. Santa Barbara, California: Libraries Unlimited.
There is a wide income gap and economic inequality between low income American workers and corporate executives. Low income workers are underprivileged since they are denied stock options and other employee benefits. They are disrespected and discouraged and for this reason they live a low standard life (William & Richard, 1). On the other hand, corporate executives are given stock options and this increases their income. However, this issue can be solved through creating affordable ways for providing stock options to both middle income workers and corporate executive so that all employees can purchase the shares equally (William & Richard, 1). In order to implement the solutions, people should understand that stock options are not only for the corporate executives but rather it belongs to all employees which work in that particular company. In other words, all employees should be given the opportunity to enjoy the benefits and in this case the stock option. Other solution to this issue is offered by TheFinancial Accounting Standards Board which asserts that companies should apply the option-pricing model in stock price (William & Richard, 1). In others words, there should be financial accounting and transactions for stock-based compensation plans. The plans are based on employee’s stock shares, stock purchase, stock options and more (William & Richard, 1). This approach is effective since employees who make less than $100,000 annually will be restricted to access stock options (William & Richard, 1). Finally, in order to create a strong economic growth, motivate employees and create a great America, companies should give all employees opportunity to access stock. This will have a positive impact not only in the company but also in the entire economy as employees will recognize their effort toward creating the company’s success; they will increase morale and at the same time enjoy the retirement benefits (William & Richard, 1).
Work cited
William. M. Isaac & Richard M. Kovacevich. Stcok Option for the Little Guy.
It is one of my wish that you see the light that our Christ Jesus brought to us and the wisdom in which he formed every creation in this world. I see the light in you and I believe that you also see the good in others as Christ sees the God in us. It is my hope that you will all realize sooner as I did that there is a great difference in knowing the oath and actually walking the path. In this you will be able to understand that it is not all about knowing the path but what matters is how we lead our lives as Christ would want us to live. It is in this path that we will realize the importance of making wise decisions on what kind of things that we do and those that are not in the path of Christ. I want to believe that you will soon understand that our destiny relies heavily on the chances. Therefore it is something that we have to achieve through choices that we make each and every new day. Therefore wisdom is a calling into knowing the next path that we should take. In taking time to learn more of who God is and who you are in God, you shall be able to make wise decisions of allowing the lord to direct and honor your steps in all that you do. In developing this intimate relationship with the lord and focusing more on walking in God’s path, your lives will be whole again as you will walk in straight paths and right paths that the Lord has destined for you. I believe that as you learn to do everything in line with what the Lord wants you to do, you will be able to acknowledge God in all your ways and they will be perfect for God ways are perfect.
It is my wish that you will also be able to realize that for us to have the wisdom in life, we have to first apply the knowledge that we have in our day to day life. This knowledge that we obtain from the reading of the word of God will enhance us to interpret and meditate upon the word of God and thus allowing us to have the wisdom from above. I urge you to regularly read the word of God and all the life answers regarding right and wrong and all life’s questions will be answered in wisdom as God’s word will direct us. Using this wisdom, I believe you will be safe as you take this journey or rather the trip to your destiny as you will be guided by the word.
I believe in you and in the power of the meditation of the word that will enable you to know your limits in day to day life. Thus your hearts will be filled with gladness as we you will be inspired to learn more and listen from God through his words of wisdom. Therefore it is important that you realize that you ought to lean on Gods own understanding through putting all your trust in Him who is the author as well as perfecta of our faith. In this your reasoning will be a subject of the Holy Spirit through His word.
ISP is usually incorporated in the education system as it helps in creating awareness of the evolving process and helps in the understanding of the feelings that affect the utilization of the information (Kuhlthau 1999). This concept is used day in day out as it enables one to find meaning which fits into the already existing knowledge. However, it is not necessarily the same answer for all the searches but it is the sense making one with the individual frame work of reference. Thus the ISP is essential in professional sector as it helps in culminating a new knowledge as well as a solution which can thus be used as reference, be presented and also shared among different people within different professions.
Sense-making concept is essential as it has been used all over the world by researchers in different professions in carrying out of qualitative researches thus allowing thus allowing for quality outcomes (Dervin 1992). This concept is mostly used in the individualistic setting as it recognizes that humans has the communicative action and thus they can be able to make meaning out of this and also systems gain energy. Thus those people who adopt this concept are able to voice their ideas to the various systems while these systems become responsive.
Berry picking concept has been applied in day to day searches as it makes the searches effective. Thus the concept is used in real searches where exacting want at the moment and it shifts as a need to shift also rises (Kuhlthau n.d). Thus it is evident that this kind of concept is evolving in nature and thus most appropriate to carry out an evolving research. This research concept therefore is essential as it carries out a research at a time. In doing so a thorough analysis of data can be enhanced and thus allowing for a good evaluation of the search.
Response 2
Static information retrieval model as advocated for by Bates may not be the best model to use when researching on contemporary issues. This is because this model seems to be partial and thus inadequate in fully assessing the issue in the world that we are living in. In evolving firms however, the static model is appropriate to be used as it is complex and thus researching an issue at a time may be possible. However, when addressing issues to do with crossing a gap in a certain understanding, such as in employment in the current world that we are living in, this complex model may not be appropriate and thus the right answers that an individual may want so as to solve a problem may not be reached so as to solve a problem. Thus, most of the researchers will not waste so much of their time and efforts as well as resources in trying to find answers using the classical model of searching. This model is flexible and once it is used it yields better results. However, the model to be used in a given organization largely relies on the culture of that workplace. It is also clear that each model has its own benefits and limitation and thus the integration of the two models ought to be implemented in an organization so as to attain the best outcome. In doing this a more realistic as well as benefit will be reached and knowledge will be acquired and will be used as solutions.
References
Dervin, B. (1992). From the mind’s eye of the user: The sense-making qualitative-quantitative methodology. In Glazier, J. D. & Powell, R. R., Qualitative research in information management (pp. 61-84). Englewood, CO: Libraries Unlimited.
Kuhlthau, C. C. (1991). Inside the search process: Information seeking from the user's perspective. Journal of the American Society for Information Science, 42, 361-371.
Plagiarism, paraphrasing, summarizing, and quoting
Plagiarism matters given that since avoiding it helps a writer to carefully distinguish between the information or ideas that originates with them and the ones which they may have borrowed from other sources. Of more importance is that it serves as a sign of gratitude especially while conducting research whose basis is the work which was done before it. It allows a writer in appreciating the thinking and writing of those individuals who preceded him or her and who may have influenced their way of seeing or perceiving things. Through citation and acknowledgement of resources, one is able to offer gratitude to the strength of previous writers which have offered support for the current writers.
Summarizing
Every state comes up with laws on compulsory attendance which requires children of a given age group to attend school. Of these states, 5 of them puts the age of starting school to be 5, 32 requires attendance from age 6 while a few have allowed kids to start attending while 6 years old (HSLDA, 2017). Many of the states have also crafted laws that limit the number of days that students should engage in instructional study. Others require private schools and home schools to have fewer instructional days while in others offer exemption from such kinds of regulations (HSLDA, 2017).
Paraphrasing
The article asserts that all states come up with their own laws that require compulsory school attendance for children. Every states puts limit on the age at which children should start attending schools and number of days that home-schools and private schools should engage students in instructional study.
Quoting
According to the source the school attendance laws are enforced various officers and courts while “Parents are held legally responsible for their children’s school attendance”
A beautifully developed story, oddly titled after the overtaxed and merciless antagonist hero Sansho the steward or Bailiff is a powerful narrative of loss, revenge, morality and extreme social classes divergences nature. This is a simple tale grounded on tear jerking futility and atrocities and a basking of hope and love with an epic sensation that can be attributed by both the covered time and full triumphant circles journeyed by the protagonists and the endurance to the bloody path of attaining freedom (Mori, Dilworth, and Rimer 153). Sanshō the Bailiff is an established Japanese periodic movie that was produced in the year 1954 and directed by Mizoguchi. The movie’s is grounded on a short story written by Ogai Mari by the title ‘’Sansho the Steward’’ as a follow up of two different aristocratic kids sold into the life of slavery (Mori, Dilworth, and Rimer 153). The story features different subjects such as poverty portrayal, a critical perspective of the women’s position in the contemporary Japanese society and self sacrifice. ‘’Sanshō the Steward and Sanshō the Bailiff ‘’ are a historic story and film that is set in a feudal Heian Japan period (Mori 4). The story is so exceptional since it tells is complicated narrative with the utilization of simple images as well as creating order from the worst type of moral chaos. The narrative’s and movie’s story presents a depth understands of the human condition and can thus be described as a simplicity masterpiece in compelling its setting.
The story clarifies the human condition and offers enough time for the readers and those watching to think. The presence of affectation to Sansho is not there, more so the story is based on the simplicity of well identification and explanation of the overarching ideas of integrity and honesty as the most significant characteristics that should be possessed by humans (Mori, Dilworth, and Rimer 154). The story is an unflattering demonstration of a classic perseverance and slavery tale. The story is one of the highest accomplishments that have been made in the slavery stories and films history. The story concerns a family that has been separated after the governor who is the father has been exiled based on his morals principles (Mori 2). After the attempt of the remaining family which is made up of the helper, mother, son and daughter to look for the father they are sold into the world of prostitution and slavery. The story is a positive measure of the suffering of humans via the experience of slaves despite the fact that it can be considered as an old fable from the Japanese society that is based on compassion and mercy as the primary virtues. When the province governor declined the execution and crack down request of some protestors, he was exiled with his family (Karimberdi 5:37). The separation leads to slavery as the wife gets sold to brothel while the siblings are bought by Bailiff who is a mansion overseer that belongs to the right minister. The slaves conditions can be described as deplorable but the children are necessitate to time bide to get an opportunity to escape and meet their parents.
A thoughtful compassion meditation and mercy, ‘’Sanshō the Steward” and Sanshō the Bailiff’’ builds is authority via ethical wisdom of the story and the explicit beauty and authority of its general visual expression (Mori, Dilworth, and Rimer 153). Sanshō the Bailiff film outlines a heroic journey of the sea and land via time as well as space. Actually in the case of Sansho a number of quests are entwined and every rhyme off on the others so that a harmonic wholeness can be created. The underlying quest for a sister and his brother for their biological mother , the quest of freedom by the slaves, a quest by a boy for his father and the involved principles for which his fathered vowed for. The story is mainly based on morality, greed, poverty, women’s position in the Japanese society and redemption. It is a nature’s nature not to demonstrate mercy , however mercy is completely inherent in nurturing human beings, even when mercy seems to have been hindered by the loads of suffering (Mori 7). For Matsu he needed to survive so that he can accompany his sister to meet their parents (Karimberdi 33:32). He did not want to abandon his father’s virtues by becoming cruel to the slaves who wanted to escape and die free but he had no option. He showed no mercy nor compassion as his father had always urged. Brutality was his only way of surviving through slavery and get an opportunity to escape to meet his separated parents.
Sanshō the Bailiff presents a story for a time when mankind had not stimulated as full human beings which is a grief’s story. The film is the greatest on the grounds of all the films produced by Japanese since it is an emotional and tragic shattering movie (Mori, Dilworth, and Rimer 153). The movie is generally about the virtues for a young man which are altered and tortured , and in the end emerging to be triumphant partially. The film was produced in a period of brutality in the Heian period since the ethical governor stood ground on compassion and love virtues. The governor held that a man can be compared to a beast without the existence of mercy, all humans are created as equals and thus everyone is entitled to happiness (Mori 6). The story is no doubt a wrench tears its existing injustices being demonstrated at the end by the mercy and compassion virtues. Anjou and Zushio endures numerous years of slave’s hardship as they work for a ruthless Sansho Bailiff. However Taro who is Sansho’s son does not agree with the treatment and to hide their identity they are given other names and urged to bear the tormenting (Karimberdi 36:17). Mutsu forgets his father’s virtues of and in order to survive he adopts prayer and hope futility and abandons compassion as he is ordered to kill other slaves.
In conclusion, the notion that individuals hold little sympathy for matters that does not particularly apprehend them is well demonstrated both in the story and the film. This is accomplished with an adequate revelation of humanity depression as well as injustices in the slavery period. The story is grounded on performing the right things as well as performing against the majority that holds contrary views. The governor’s nobility in particular was destroyed which caused an assessment of righteousness over the continuous history driven by corruption and chaos. ‘’Sanshō the Steward” and Sanshō the Bailiff’’ are saddening relation that does not offer any comic relief but offers an affective and wrenching satisfaction and thus ranked amongst the highest resolutions among all the foreign films.
Work Cited
Karimberdi. Sansho the Bailiff (1954). Retrieved from http://www.dailymotion.com/video/x10ckxw_sansho-the-bailiff-1954-pt-1_creation
Mori, Ōgai, David A. Dilworth, and J T. Rimer. The Historical Fiction of Mori Ōgai. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press, 1991. Print.
Ogai Mori. Sansho the Steward (1862- 1922). translated By Rinner J. Thomas. PDF
My unique, productive, unforgettable and sobering home town is Saigon in Vietnam. Saigon is additionally recognized as Ho Chi Minh City which is Vietnam’s primary coming and booming up city. Saigon is a location where actions never end. To me Saigon is the most unique place to be at.
Description of Saigon
Attractive Sites
Reunification Palace, Dame Notre Cathedral, Jade Emperor, Remnants Museum, Cu Chi Tunnels are a few of the attraction sites. The museum of war Remnant which is a non forgettable and sobering museum which details the implications of the thirty years war amid Vietnam and Vietnam. Cu chi tunnels is an additionally marvelous attraction which allows the visitors to gain the experience gotten by soldiers who utilized the extended tunnels network in moving around without any detection from the enemies.
Economic and Modern Life
Saigon is one of the largest and most productive cities in the southern part of Vietnam, which offers individuals with a huge number of jobs. Despite the high population and the endless occurrence of productive activities in Saigon pollution is a less serious matter in the city.
Social Life
Saigon city is a paradise based on its whether coolness which is neither too hot nor too cold. The autumn of the city offers the most romantic, entertaining and cool season in every year. This favors the availability of food surplus to the growing population in the city
Conclusion
Saigon is a city that holds respectable and well established and defined social rules. The environment is one that cannot be compared to another as it accommodates every view in its own unique form. The uniqueness of the city is obvious from what it offers without limiting its benefits.
Descriptive Home Town Essay - Saigon in Vietnam
My unique, productive, unforgettable and sobering home town is Saigon in Vietnam. Saigon is additionally recognized as Ho Chi Minh City which is Vietnam’s primary coming and booming up city. I was born and raised there and thus the experience that I got from the place can never leave my heart. Saigon is a location where actions never end. To me Saigon is the most unique place to be at. The city is highly populated and always busy particularly on productive or economic activities. The unending flow of people and activities all exceeds the life of the city. My home town can best be described by one of the Vietnamese proverbs ‘’ Dat Lanh Chim Dau’’. This means that where there is favorable soil there are countless birds coming for settlement. The phrase would help in sowing that individuals normally tend to settle in a location with good living and money making in a fair and easy mode.
Saigon is one of the largest and most productive cities in the southern part of Vietnam, which offers individuals with a huge number of jobs. Thus, most individuals from different locations in the country normally move into the city with the hope of establishing their paradise. Saigon offers accommodation to most native people who share the flattering viewpoint of the city being characterized with endless activities. Saigon is a much better city to live in for those that are in search of attractive and easy living. The city offers the capability of building physical, spiritual and emotional beings through entertainment, social as well as economic activities.
Saigon is a beautiful city where people are particularly polite and kind which is particularly influenced by its traditional setting and traditional social norms that have not yet been modernized. The city does not fail in the entertainment sector as it is one of the cities with the most fascinating restaurants and attractive sites. Tourists normally visit the city to get its taste of uniqueness while enjoying the attractive places that are located there such Reunification Palace, Dame Notre Cathedral, Jade Emperor, Remnants Museum, Cu Chi Tunnels are a few of the attraction sites. The museum of war Remnant which is a non forgettable and sobering museum which details the implications of the thirty years war amid Vietnam and Vietnam. Cu chi tunnels is an additionally marvelous attraction which allows the visitors to gain the experience gotten by soldiers who utilized the extended tunnels network in moving around without any detection from the enemies.
Despite the high population and the endless occurrence of productive activities in Saigon pollution is a less serious matter in the city. This is a strange occurrence for most individual with the growing factories and wastes production but it has been particularly maintained by individual’s values. In addition the city’s living can be described as one of the easiest among all the cities in Vietnam. There is no other city location in Vietnam where an individual pays for less sums of money in order to live a much rather simplified and real humble life. The life in the city correlates with the standard income of the majority of the Saigon city dwellers. This is because, public utility, transportation, food, schooling fee, different private services as well as accommodation prices are much lower as compared to the standard prices of other competing cities in Vietnam. Consequently, individuals are involved in endless economic activities which helps in playing part in development. The uniqueness of the city is obvious from what it offers without limiting its benefits.
Saigon city is a paradise based on its whether coolness which is neither too hot nor too cold. The autumn of the city offers the most romantic, entertaining and cool season in every year. This favors the availability of food surplus to the growing population in the city. Saigon is rich in food as well as numerous famous Vietnam cuisines like Com and Pho. The most famous cuisine is primarily Pho which is a simple noodle rice soup that is often eaten as breakfast in a small bowl on the streets or at home but it is served as a meal in the city’s restaurant as it has its own different kinds. Its incorporation of both modernity and tradition setting makes it easy for local and tourist’s persons to interact.
To be frank, being born and raised in Saigon is a good experience of witnessing the versatile, tremendous, economic and social greatness. I can proudly state that my love for my home town is immeasurable and am sure that the uniqueness of the city deserves every bit of my love. Saigon is a city that holds respectable and well established and defined social rules. The environment is one that cannot be compared to another as it accommodates every view in its own unique form. It is probable that my optimistic views of the city can be accepted by many who knows my hometown.
The miller’s tale is a narration that tells of a story of John who is a carpenter, his beautiful wife and two scholars who so determined into getting her to sleep with them. John resides in Oxford with his younger companion known as Alisoun who is a representation of a local prettiness. So as to make additional cash, John rent out out a room of his own residence to a poor but knowledgeable learner known as Nicholus who has an interest in Alisoun. Also Absolon has an interest in Alisoun. The love story of both the two admirers and John and the entanglement that comes along with the tale is seen all over the plot. This paper therefore will present and give an in-depth discussion on some of the critiques on the Miller's Tale' by Chaucer.
This is one of the tale that is regarded as the funniest one amongst all the writings that Chaucer have ever written and it is so popular with the readers of humorous literature across the years. Chaucer used unknown sources for the miller’s tale but the tale is one of the most common tales in the earthly folk. This story of the wealthy old man who married a voluptuous young lady has acted as a source of humor in the western literature over the ages. In the writer’s dealing of the story, it is elevated to greater heights through the masterful use of humorist absurdity and characterization and through the excellent neatness of the tale’s structure. The tale abounds in strangeness where some passages necessitate a full understanding of the medieval ages along with the culture of that given age (Miller 3).
The tale by miller makes it clear that it is quite difficult to resolve on what is lighthearted fun and that which is meaningful as well as moral significant. Chaucer choice on the setting on an a suburban, of the story of John who was a carpenter is stuck in certainty as the details of the tale makes perfect sense hence it tends to be more believable that Chaucer might have been aware.
The tale as a whole is a representation of a careful but yet an ambiguous line between the seriousness and the comic nature of the story. The ambiguity in this story continues as it is seen throughout the theme in the tale. John’s plan includes floating up all the way throughout the roof in his rubdown bathtub at that time when the flood arrives and yet the story substitutes his impractical ascending progress with a loud descending movement throughout his home to the cellar floor.
Miller’s tale expresses some pleasures of the trick and the fabliau trick rules as well. The plot that is found within the tale is largely clever and highly structured, studded with the sacred imagery (Arner 157). This is shown in the tale as John is mentioned frequently leaving the house thus leaving behind a lot of questions as one may wonder why the two failed to sleep together when John was out. The tale moves fast as from one plot to another and everybody except Alison are outsmarted (O'Connor 124). Nicholas also ends up being wounded and thus it is only true to say that in fabliau one is good as their last trick.
Language in the miller’s tale is as well undergoing a fall from grace in the tale. The tale highly depends on words and dialogue with little action. Miller deals in bodily noises unlike Knights tale which deals with long and protracted speeches. Mechanically, the tale itself goes around a series of non-verbal sounds as well as bodily noises with one word exclamation. This is seen in the tale as Absolon knocks at the window twice, as she cries for “tehee” and as she shuts the widow the first time and in Nicholas final and cumulative cry for water! The use of the key phrase in the Canterbury tales, “withouten words mo” marks a moment in which action is more significant than words (Arner 144). The degradation of language is therefore witnessed all the way through the tales and this draws to attention the warning that Chaucer the storyteller presents prior to the tale itself and that he is only running through or rather reiterating the language of the miller who is telling the story. Thus he repeats words such as tehee and water of both Alison and Nicholas (Arner 158).
Miller’s tale makes full utilization of the parodist resonances of courtly love regularly found in fabliaux though Alisoun is more beautiful as compared to the chivalrous lady. This is evident in the way that Chaucer parodies the present old fashioned dictation of the earlier western attempts at the civil style. Chaucer thus uses familiar ways of depiction that are recommended by the rhetoricians. He however draws on the country life for his imagery and the tale attracts critics all around in regards to problems of class that the tale raises.
References
Arner D. Timothy. Transcendent Laughter in the "Teseida" and the "Miller's Tale". University of North Carolina press. Vol. 102. 2005.
Miller M. Naturalism and Its Discontents in the "Miller's Tale". The Johns Hopkins University Press. Vol. 67, 2000.
O'Connor. J. John. The astrological background of the miller’s tale. The university of Chicago press. Vol. 31. 1956.
The story is a bight boy who was bought up in Michigan by his mother, a professor, who was involved in a car accident resulting to her being unable to take care of her son. Alex was placed on a foster care system a family court judge who deemed Alex’s mother unfit to parent him. After his transportation funding is finished, Alex finds out he has to be assigned to a foster family to offer him curriculum and stability which can land him into Ivy League School. He has to look for a new family to avoid being taken from the high school he wants. He was able to obtain 4.0 GPA despite all the challenges. At Eagle Greek School, the environment is favorable to allow him to achieve his goal joining Harvard University.
The story relates to the role I would take as foster father, which involves helping the needy children to achieve their future dreams. It shows the effort a foster parent should put in giving hope to children whose hopes have been muted by life challenges.
One thing a learned about this story is that there children who have parents but still needs to be in foster care system because their maternal parents are unable to offer the right care. These children may be hurting due to fear of failure in achieving their life desires.
An important change I would make in fostering children is getting to learn their dreams before imposing any decision on them. Hence, offering them any support would be based on what they desire to become. A decision can be made contrary to their wish so as to guide them where they may be wrong.
Wisdom sits in places by Keith H. Basso vs. Marcyliena Morgan
Writing is viewed as an activity and study that is related to what people usually do inform of a text. Such kind of writings is located within both the social as well as the cultural framework. Therefore the anthropology of writing is characterized by its methodology. Research tools are essential as they help us to understand the social and the cultural perspectives thus allowing people to explore the various activities and contexts of writing and the meaning that is brought about by the readers, users and the writers. These methods that are often used are ethnographic and at time historical. They both are similar as they emphasizes on the users and the producers of the texts and on the manner in which they engage with the broader social activities and the communications that their actions are part of (Barton et al 9). This paper therefore will major its discussion on two ethnographies by Basso and Morgan illustrating some of the comparisons in their works.
Wisdom sits in places is a linguistic ethnography book that talks about landscape and the language amongst the Western Apache. This book is written by a Keith Basso who was a rancher and had spent two decades in the field of the Western Apache researching. However, Marcliena Morgan is a professor in Harvard University. The book covers both the social as well as the cultural fundamentals of language and is largely used by both upper graduates as well as the graduates.
Basso’s use of language and storytelling approach is completely unfamiliar to that of the Western approach thus giving the reader a good judgment of the apaches and good judgment of the place. Thus the people are able to judge that the Western Apache citizens and most likely other people usually view certain places as those that are being instilled with a power to educate individuals in the core ways of wisdom. He uses language as he talk of the name of the place. The name itself is adequate to bring to mind the necessary reaction and contemplation in those hearing the name. His language in exposing the landscape and language in the Western Apache gives us an understanding of the sacredness and the individualistic nature of the words and the place. Thus he has a high ability to explore in a readable manner he role that is played by language in the multifaceted but rather convincing theme of the people’s connection to a place. Thus he is an outstanding storyteller who makes good use of the highly thrilling but mysterious worlds of the Western Apaches to come to live. He thus is well informed of the place and even knows the language of the place thus allowing him to be composedly knowledgeable, free of cant and terminology and also enjoyably entertaining. Thus he is able to turn linguistics anthropology into a fictional art. However, Morgan maintains a social space in her narration as she uses laughter so as to accomplish her social goals. Therefore language relates with the prosperity of the ethnographic and the folk work on the African American language.
For Basso to collect his data during his research, he usually travelled with Apache consultants who used to explain the places names. He thus quotes comprehensively the words of his consultants often hence allowing them to be both descriptive as well as analytical. However Morgan throughout her research and ethnographic work, she was assisted by a group of hip-hop musicians from Los Angeles, her individual family who lived in Chicago and also a few rural population from Mississippi (Morgan 10).
Basso’s writing is setting poetry of the human experience which is basically the naming of the world. In doing so, he devotes his research with the rarest of the academic qualities such as the sense of spiritual exploration. It is only through his clear eyes that we are able to have a quick look at the spirit of an outstanding people and their land and when we look away we are able to see our world once again. However, Morgan’s style of writing is straight forward and easy to get to as she integrates individual story with qualitative as well as numerical data and demonstrates every element of her learning with convincing ethnographic data. This ethnography offers the widespread line that dash throughout the entire body of research.
Basso’s work is quite thoughtful, convincing, entirely informed and also interestingly written and quite enjoyable while reading. His work is well guided within the landscape and it has related story telling of the people of the Western Apache. However Morgan’s research is ore valid as she analyses both the quantitative as well as qualitative information using the integrated lenses of the past, linguistics, legends, opinionated economy as well as culture.
Basso’s work is essential to us as it enables us to understand and appreciate the diverse manner in which we as the human beings think or even act within our world. It enables the contemporary readers to increase their understanding that wisdom is something that is gained by means of long meditation on the symbolic aspect of the physical landscape and the stories that are connected to that place through the name of hat place. Hence there is a relationship with the past and this affects the way we perceive a place. Morgan on the other hand advocates for the appreciation of the diversity of languages in the speeches so as to better understand the anthropology of the speech of the community and its member’s unrestrained competence (Duranti 63).
Morgan examines the language in terms of the shifting and multifaceted African American culture and the American speech communities, way of doing things, arts as well as politics. Thus the ethical issue on language and education of the youth, gender, culture and identity is well addressed through the research that was carried out on the African American culture. Therefore Morgan is able to fully address the issue on the extent of Afro-American linguistic learning which has conventionally persuaded the language of the youthful town males through the provision of accessibility to the overlooked members of the community in the African American culture. However, Basso’s work was worth risking taking the research as it establishes an ethical approach to the people’s mind as his work clearly demonstrates the way of living for the people with their land. It also involves the creation of an ethical landscape that is appropriate for a culture to thrive in and a development of memories for that specific place.
References
Barton, David, and Uta Papen. "The anthropology of writing: understanding textually-mediated social worlds." (2010).
Duranti, Alessandro. Linguistic Anthropology: A Reader. Malden, MA: Wiley-Blackwell, 2009. Print.
Morgan, Marcyliena H. Language, Discourse and Power in African American Culture. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2002. Print.
The issue of race is one aspect depicted by Morrison in the relationship between Twyla and Roberta and one that influenced their friendship bondage since they were children at the orphanage. This issue can shape the various perception of the story by readers, considering that as in the case of Maggie, history tends to endorse an affinity between disability and race. This racial point of view can be can be adopted by a reader while trying to understand the relationship between these characters. It is interesting how the girls are shown to be from different races with no clarification on which one is of which race, an aspect that could indicate that the story is not about race at all.
On one hand race can form a major part of this story, more so on the relationship between Twyla and Roberto. The story explores the relations between these two characters as being shaped by the fact that are from different races. Instead of delving into the diverse culture of Africans Americans, the writer shows how the difference between races in the larger culture of the society is determined by the whites and blacks[1]. The use if description and characterization puts emphasizes on the complicity of the reader[2]. It makes it necessary to decode the characters’ racial identify so as to discover how the status of each race in the society is defined and in the process, show how the black female view their identity in a society where men and white people are dominant. An analysis of the culture and economic signs ingrained in the story for each character can be used to explore their identity. The difference between the races is revealed by Twyla upon stating that Roberta and she “looked like salt and pepper standing there”[3]. Even though the racial identities of the two girls are not revealed, there is an attempt to show the fact that people in a society will always tend to categorize others immediately.
The overlapping memories between Twyla and Roberta, shown by their startling difference in the narration of the past common childhood event, places Maggie as a very important character in deciphering the issue of race in the story. In their shared memory, Maggie is tormented by the older girls in the shelter. Twyla and Maggie remembrance of what happened to Maggie causes them to feel guilty as they are coming of age[4]. The story provides no proof of her race, but the conversation between the characters shows some indications of harassment due to the aspect of race. Roberta accuses Twyla for kicking a black lady while she was on lying on the ground and who couldn’t even scream[5]. Although the idea of race is barely depicted in this scene, one may assume that Maggie was being targeted by the older girls because of her race and made worse by her disability. In harassing Maggie, the gar girls act upon what they understand to be a racial drama[6]. Whether she is black or not, both characters purpose to deny her humanity trampling upon her like she is in a different state of being. May be the writer tries to point out the fact that if humans can treat one another in such a cruel manner even in childhood age , regardless of their certainty of the victim’s racial identity , it ,means that age does makes no difference.
As stated, the economic status can be used to illustrate the issue of race in the story, and any reader can take part in racialist complications that the narrator sets up and the ambiguity of the language used. Upon meeting in a food emporium, we learn that Twyla is married to a fireman , has got one child and her income is limited , while Roberto is married to an executive which enables her to lead a luxurious life with her husband, children and Chinese chauffer in a wealthy neighborhood[7]. In a voice that seems to harbor racial sentiments, Twyla concludes that Roberta and her family have it easy in all things because “they think they own the world”[8]. Thereafter, these women find themselves on opposite side of the struggle for school integration, and their children encounter bussing. Roberta’s to a school is in located affluent neighborhood while Twyla’s to the school attended by the Roberta’s children. Twyla challenges Roberta on her take on bussing but Roberta attempts to smooth out the conflict by saying that it is a free country to which Twyla responds that it is not yet free .The support for social change and bussing by Twyla, and the self-centered opposition by Roberta for them places both of them along bitter racial divides. Such a racial line splits the late 1970’s and early 1980s feminism structure[9]. By excluding the racial prejudice of the women during the case of school desegregation, the writer intends to debunk the earlier thesis of the story that race is a non issue. By not revealing which girl is which race, perhaps the writer intends to bring out the topic of racial acceptance, which enables Roberta and Twyla to overlook the racial differences. This in spite of Twyla’s mother assertion that Roberta’s kind “never washed their hair and they smelled funny”[10].
However, Morrison’s story can be more than just a depiction of racial differences. The writer perhaps intended to bring forth more pressing issues that have been neglected in the society and the reader may fail to spot them, bringing their own meaning to this writing. Apart from the subject of race and segregation, the writer highlights some outright issues especially on disability. Though the society attempts to be aware of individuals who are disabled , some people may be uncomfortable with it more so young people who ,may find it difficult to understand the concept. Rather than viewing the story only on the dimension of racial divides or tensions, the reader may want to look into the broader perspective. The character of Maggie is used by Morrison to bring the issue of disabilities to young people like Roberta and Twyla, rather than just harassment due to the race[11]. It is a call to understand the special needs that the kind of Maggie may have and not just to sympathize with her because of racial identity. The ignorance portrayed by Twyla and Roberta extends beyond the racial segregation and covers issues that need personal judgment on what is right or wrong. Just as the writer does to the issue of racial identity, she does not describe Maggie’s disability but offers stereotypes that provide hints to her audience. In Twyla’s words, “Maggie couldn’t talk” and “her legs (were) like parentheses and how she rocked when she walked”[12].
In addition, an argument can be brought forward that Roberto and Twyla are more alike than they are different especially at the beginning of the story. This can be a deliberate effort by the writer to have the reader see beyond the race. The two girls are of the same age, their mothers abandoned them and share similar living conditions at the orphanage. They share similar hopes and interests, and this could have been defined by their childhood relationship that goes beyond racial identity. This only changes in their adulthood after they become separated by economic, social and cultural factors. As both girls acknowledge that they did not know whether Maggie was deaf or mute or her race, they come to see that their own unsure memories have become repressed or rather muted. Perhaps the writer did not want the audience to read into the racial notion, but to decipher Maggie’s character as representing absence and silent or a representation of their mothers who failed in their roles as parents[13]. It can be the intention of the text to mute Maggie.
In conclusion, the story by Morrison can be viewed from the different perspectives, with one perspective being racial identity and the other looking beyond the racial aspect. The racial aspect would understand the text as pointing to the racial codes in the society. The other perspective would avoid racial misreading and try to decipher other themes that may be neglected in the society beyond racial codes.
The article by William Domhoff “The Class-Domination Theory of Power” addresses the theory of power among the different classes of the American people. In the united State history, power network has been considered to be the economic one. However, the elite business owning class and the working class together with small business have changed this history (Domhoff 1). There are quite a number of skilled crafted workers as well as highly trained professionals such as scientists, lawyers, physicians and architects who have influenced the power market. Business owners can rule because money has power in it. This means that people who work in the fields and factories can be divided into different groups of free, slave, black and white. A high number of immigrants have made it difficult to fight for better wages and social benefits (Domhoff 1).
The article “Bringing The State Back In: Retrospect And Prospect” by Skocpol Thenda emphasizes on the state structure in which development of the welfare of the state is addressed. Skocpol the research by Peter Evans on the recognized needs of the state that are met in order to improve the conceptualizations of the nation structure and how the State can be transformed (Skocpol 110). Social and corporate revolution has played an integral part in restoring the success of the state.
Martin Carnoy “The State And Political Theory” article clarify on the significance of the contemporary debate about the social role which has increasingly gained a great acknowledgment in the state complexity (Carnoy 10). Carnoy analyzes Marxist political theories in which individuals do not seem to consider the theoretical movement. Carnoy identifies that there is a major shift in the Marxist view. Due to these views the state has become a central theme in the United States. In addition, there has been a greater social, economic and governmental in the modern world in which industrial economies have played a significant role. Social services, media, production, and employment have led to great political economy (Carnoy 39).
“The Power Elite And The State” article by William Domhoff takes into consideration the power the rich possesses. In order to prove this argument the liberalism, Marxism, and the state theory explain into details the cohesion of the different classes and the state and the social democrats are the governing bodies in the state (Domhoff 25). The policies implemented and the decision made by them involves what the elite have to say about it.
According to Laumann, Knoke, and Kim in “A Comparative Study Of Energy And Health Domains” article takes into consideration the specific causal factors that affect the overall organization participation in policy domain of the state. Participation involves advocacy, foreign trade, civil rights, energy, and health. The assumption model underlies the research though trade unions, professionals, labor unions and the societies as they are the key policy domains (Laumann, Knoke, & Kim 2). In order to achieve this organization has different attributes such as decision making, public visibility, and function focuses (Laumann, Knoke, & Kim 10).
Neumann “Theoretical Frameworks In Political Sociology” take into consideration Domhoff presentation of the alternative mental image of the ruling class in America. Neumann looks at the mental image of politics which controls a large number of the total population due to the thinking tends which can be loose and fuzzy (Neumann 84). According to Neumann democracy is a major focus as it related to the equal representation that operates in the state in the context of shared values (Neumann 87). Power is created through hegemony and struggle which involves voting, lobbying and to some extend military force (Neumann 88).
John and Antony article of “Political Sociology: Power And Participation In The Modern World” relate to the rapid and the great change that the world is experiencing. There had been creating new states while the old ones have collapsed. Capitalism has led to great profits while democracy has become more victorious. With the changes being experienced trade barriers have been eliminated as well as free movement enhanced. Great wars have been minimized creating a peaceful world for people to live in (John & Antony 1). Besides power and authority institution, networks and culture are crucial concepts of political sociologists (John & Antony 4).
Work Cited
Domhoff Williams. “The Class-Domination Theory of Power”. 2005, Pg 1-14
Domhoff, Williams., The Power Elite And The State: How policy is made in America. 1990.pp 1-28
John, G., and Anthony, M. Political sociology: Power and Participation In The Modern World. Oxford University Press. Ch.1 Introduction 2008.pp 1-8
Laumann, Knoke, and Kim. “An Organizational Approach to State Policy Formation: A Comparative Study of Energy and Health Domains” 1985 (Pp. 1-5, 16-17)
Martin Carnoy. The State and Political Theory. “The state and American political thought”. 1984.Pp. 10-12; 23-39; 42-43
Skocpol, T., 2008. Bringing the State Back In: Retrospect and Prospect The 2007 Johan Skytte Prize Lecture. Scandinavian Political Studies, 31(2), pp.109-124.
William Neumann. “Theoretical Frameworks in Political Sociology”. 2005Ch.3 Pp. 89-108
The pursuit for money brings together the two brothers in order for them to be able to live and support each other. Lincoln, who is Booth’s eldest brother, is sent away from his house by his wife, which makes him to join his younger brother in a single unfurnished house. They live and support each other through paying the bills with the money that they receive after working. There are many ways through which money has either brought the two brothers together, or has made separated them (Sabrina, 27). This includes the following, after Lincoln’s friend was shot while playing three-card Monte, Link vowed never to look for money in illegitimate ways. This therefore separated the two brothers, since Booth was a thief who earned money through stealing. Thus, they were separated from their ways of work by what had happened to Link’s friend. Link gets a job where he acts as Abraham Lincoln’s impersonator where he earned money legally. This therefore separated the two brothers since they were not doing the same thing.
Moreover, when Booth became rich, he was mainly associated with women, a thing which Link was into, and this was after his separation with his wife Cookie (Sabrina, 28). On the other hand, money brought the two brothers together when booth asked Link to join him in playing three-card Monte where it led to the separation of the brothers after Booth shot Link when he won. This consequently shows what money can lead to when it comes to a relationship. Park therefore shows how money can corrupt behaviour, thus making people to lose humanity in order to be able to become rich. This therefore explains why money is the root of all evils.
Work Cited
Sabrina, A. The Pursuit of Happiness: The State of the American Dream in Suzan-Lori Parks's Topdog/Underdog: Georgia State University Scholar Works @ Georgia State University. 2012. Print.
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