RATIONALIZATION BENEFITS IS BETTER TO MOTIVATE EMPLOYEES

Introduction

The modern model used by companies such as Google to offer extra amenities and benefits employees have numerous advantages compared to the traditional work environment that lacked services such as laundry and site doctors. The global economy comprises of employees who are overworked in order to rise up to the competitive markets around the organization has made much organization such as Google pull and plug-in raises and extra benefits to employees by offering cool perks (Maucher, Fredmund & Farsam  23). This is done mainly to increase the value of the employees by the generous packages will lead to high productivity in the organization.

Proposed Tasks

To conduct a research that will differentiate the modern companies and the traditional work environment. We also tend to find out whether such systems are designed for employee’s convenience in mind or if the modern model is used to increase productivity and spend more time at work as well as showing a contrast about how employees feel about each system.

Task 1: Acquire a basic understanding of modern work environment

Modern companies give their employees heavy paychecks and amenities such as bonuses, comprehensive medical cover and heavy retirement packages that surround the employees are more encouraging. The retirement packages are more important particularly because pension plans are long gone. Studies have proven that the relationship between job satisfaction and benefits is reciprocal. The modern business model also comes up with a good reputation and brand recognition that make employees from other organization eyes it with great determination and zeal. Employers such as Google have taken up the role of showing appreciation to the staff whether by autonomy, programs or more site amenities promoting overall health and the well-being of the employees. This makes employees feel motivated leading to customer satisfaction (Maucher, Fredmund & Farsam 119). In return, this has led to an amicable working environment that has resulted in great productivity that the employer aims at due to high profits and a more reputable organization. Therefore this task will assist our group team in acquiring the basic knowledge of modern organization that will be used to conduct further research.

Task 2: Indentify the difference between modern and traditional working environment

The modern model compared to the traditional one offers flexibility to the employees (Maucher, Fredmund & Farsam 118). In reality, this has made employees work endless hours hence the option of the unlimited vacation. This makes employees work more for they know that they will have time for themselves. The organization becomes a place just like home as all the needs an individual may require can be offered such as laundry and when one is sick during working hours there is a prompt response from a doctor that makes them feel more valued. Employers have also come up with décor and ergonomic in lounge areas that have made employees fell like they are at home. The companies have also placed Dropbox to entertain the employees (Clellan 1). This has increasingly promoted and recruited employee’s identity bringing up the question “why should I be at home when all I need is here?” This form of did not exist in the traditional working environment as employees were supposed to take care of their health and there was no form of entertainment.

Staying well means that employees who are healthier are happier and are more productive. This is another reason why Google and other companies are adopting the modern working environment. Employees believe that they of great importance and value by the great packages and the wellness programs provided by the employers (Clellan 1). The benefits and the perks have made employees work long and more hours and with minimal supervision as they know that their great work will not go unnoticed as they will be rewarded accordingly resulting in more productivity and efficiency to the organization. The right fits have led to more productivity as there is more emergency preparedness and the employees are always ready to rise to the occasion. This task is therefore important as it will help in the research employees perk, benefits and amenities.

Task 3: Find out employees views in relation to both models

Employees are happier with the modern working environment that offers more than a paycheck. This is because they are more motivated and can work for longer hours without complaining of exploitation. They also acknowledge the fact that their health is a priority to the organization and that they don’t have to worry about medical expenses (Clellan 1). They are also comfortable with the fact that they have adequate refreshment and also exercise their physical fitness in the fully equipped gyms. They are also satisfied with the level of entertainment provided and the team workshop provided by the employees.

The traditional work environment is different from the modern one as it offers less of what employees would need. They are less motivated by the fact that they only assurance they have from the company is only a paycheck. There is less or no refreshment offered by the company, no entertainment. The employees are also less happy as they can only get a pension after retirement while those in the modern organization get retirement packages (Clellan 1). They also don’t enjoy laundry services and prompt medical services that keep them away from work once they feel they are sick. Despite the fact that they have fixed working hours the employees feel that they are their services are not valued enough making them less productive. The task is equally important as it will help in the research by our team members to have an overview of the employee’s view towards both models.

Summary

From the above comparisons, it is true to say that employees of the modern organizations are happier than those in traditional organizations. Modern organizations have placed a great value on the employees not only for convenience of mind but as a tool of productivity. As much as the benefits and perks make the employee’s happy organizations have credited it to be of importance as it has helped them remain competitive in the market gaining some advantage that has reduced staff turnover preserving great skills and abilities possess by their employees (Maucher, Fredmund & Farsam 118). It has also led to more efficiency due to high rates of productivity resulting to great profits and a reputable name.

Work Cited

Maucher, Helmut, Fredmund F. Malik, and Farsam Farschtschian. Maucher and Malik on Management: Maxims of Corporate Management : Best of Maucher's Speeches, Essays and Interviews. Frankfurt: Campus Verlag, 2013. Print.

McClellan, Curtis. Employee Motivation and the Benefits To An Organization. September 2^nd 2015. Retrieved from https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/employee-motivation-benefits-organization-curtis-mcclellan

Critique of Sustainable Development

Introduction

Sustainable development is that development that meets the demands of present generation without interfering with the demands of the future generation. Sustainable development has been possible through the United Nations coming up with sustainable development goals which each nation should work towards achieved. The subject has not been easy since it has faced various critics from other people who argue out that sustainability cannot be measured. Such people argue out that the consequences of development are discovered later after development has taken place and thus cannot be predicted. The environment continues to get depleted even after the sustainable goals have been put in place since most countries do not work towards achievement of these goals especially those countries that are not members of the United Nations. Sustainable development on the other hand is argued out to be useful since members of the United Nations have come together towards achieving the 17 sustainable goals. The goals have enabled that developed countries have worked together with developing countries in achieving these goals. Most of the developing countries have worked towards ensuring the goals are met thus utilizing the available resources effectively without compromising them for the purposes of the future generations. Therefore this paper will discuss sustainable energy as one of the sustainable development topics since energy is a major natural resource which needs to be conserved.

Sustainable energy is energy that meets the demands of the present generation without compromising the needs and demands of the future generation (Dinçer & Rosen, 2012). Technologies that support the sustainable energy include renewable energies such as hydropower, wind, solar, geothermal, bio and tidal energies which are all renewable sources of energy (International Conference on Sustainable Energy Technologies et al, 2014) Most of these renewable energy sources are economically and environmentally advantageous since they not only save the environment but are cost effective as well. Fossil fuels are being reduced since people are being encouraged to use the renewable sources of energy which are readily available and are cost effective in nature (Jennings, 2007). The renewable sources of energy reduce the emission of harmful gases to the environment since most of them are environmental friendly compared to the fossil fuels. Sustainability is about ensuring the environment remains safe and friendly for both the present and future generations. Renewable sources of energy are sustainable in nature since they are friendly and effective to use. The energies ensure that pollution is minimized and that fossil fuels are reduced since fossil fuels cause more harm to the environment and thus demote the principle of sustainable development (Gerstlberger et al, 2014). Most people have encouraged use of the fossil fuels while some especially those friends of the environment are against the use of fossil fuels since when burnt in air give out dangerous gases which eventually harms the ozone, depleting it and subjecting people to chronic diseases.

Renewable sources of energy encourage the issue of sustainable energies since they reduce the rate of the world’s dependency on the fossil fuels. Fossil fuels have been widely used and over used since the world depends on them as the main sources of fuels (Mcdade, 2015). Currently renewable energy sources have come up and are used on behalf of the fossil fuels as the world is going green. Going green, implies that the world is shifting its focus on harmful fossil fuels to using renewable sources of energy which are safe and environmentally friendly. Most research has been done in the energy sector where people have come up with alternatives energies such as wind, solar and bio energies which are more cost effective and readily available (Ignotas & Stasytytė, 2016). Wind energy was previously wasted in the earlier years where people did not think wind can be captured and used as an energy source. Though the renewable energies have their pros, the cons are more compared to those of the fossil fuels therefore indicating that these energy sources are effective and friendly to use. The renewable sources of energy cannot be depleted compared to fossil fuels which when over used will become depleted (Urbaniec et al, 2016). Most governments are appealing their people to use renewable sources of energy since they have environmental benefits thus promote sustainable development. Renewable sources of energy have advanced with people now using tidal energy which was not used before. This energy is efficient and has environmental benefits, which is the main principle of sustainable development.

Energy is said to be an important factor that will promote sustainable development and indeed lead to eradication of poverty especially in most developing countries.  Most people still have no access to the modern sources of energy which means that poverty has not yet been eradicated in most developing nations (Olla, 2012). The energy demand is increasing and most governments are coming up with measures ensuring that most people benefit from the sources of energy. Cleaner and greener sources of energy are coming up which will ensure that energy is conserved as an important and scarce resource (Sharma & Kar, 2015). Sustainable energy is ensured by the United Nations by ensuring that modern energy sources reach all people. Improved energy sources will ensure that poverty is eradicated and this will ensure that sustainable development is achieved at the right time. Most countries have adapted to use renewable sources of energy since the non renewable energy sources are unpredictable and their costs vary with time (Ramos & Bashiri, 2013). These energy sources are not friendly to the environment and are not cost effective since the fossil fuels are effective and not readily available. The renewable sources of energy have ensured that many people get employment opportunities thus raise their living standards compared to those coal industries which require less human power. Wind power has ensured that electricity reach the rural areas therefore promoting and developing those areas where electricity would not reach before. Thus these energies are useful in ensuring nations develop and benefit both economically and environmentally and ensure sustainable development is promoted.

Conclusion

From the above discussion, it can be concluded that sustainable development is important even though it faces some critics since it has ensured that nations work hand to ensure they achieve the sustainable development goals. Non renewable sources of energy are more efficient, cost effective and friendly to the environment thus should be used in order to ensure that sustainable development is achieved. Sustainable energies have ensured that rural areas develop and most people in the rural areas get employment opportunities and indeed improve their standards of living. Sustainable energies ensure that poverty is eradicated since they are cost effective and ensure the living standards of people are improved. Thus people should ensure they promote sustainable development through using the renewable sources of energy more compared to how they use the fossil fuels.

References

Dinçer, I., & Rosen, M. (2012). EXERGY: Energy, Environment and Sustainable Development.   Oxford: Elsevier Science.

Gerstlberger, W., Præst Knudsen, M., & Stampe, I. (2014). Sustainable Development Strategies   for Product Innovation and Energy Efficiency. Business Strategy & The Environment   (John Wiley & Sons, Inc), 23(2), 131-144. doi:10.1002/bse.1777

Ignotas, A., & Stasytytė, V. (2016). Efficiency Of Energy Consumption As A Base For    Sustainable Energy Sector. Business: Theory & Practice, 17(2), 128-137.          doi:10.3846/btp.2016.602

International Conference on Sustainable Energy Technologies, Dinçer, I., Midilli, A., & Kucuk,   H. (2014). Progress in sustainable energy technologies: Volume I.

Jennings, P. J. (2007). Renewable energy for sustainable development in the Asia Pacific region:             Fremantle, Western Australia, 4-8 February 2007. Melville, N.Y: American Institute of   Physics.

Mcdade, S. (2015). Sdg 7 And Sustainable Energy Development In Latin America And The         Caribbean. UN Chronicle, 52(3), 26-29.

Olla, P. (2012). Global sustainable development and renewable energy systems. Hershey, Pa:      Information Science Reference.

Ramos Pires Manso, J., & Bashiri Behmiri, N. (2013). Renewable Energy And Sustainable             Development. Estudios De Economía Aplicada, 31(1), 7-34.

Sharma, A., & Kar, S. K. (2015). Energy sustainability through green energy.

Urbaniec, K., Mikulčić, H., Duić, N., & Lozano, R. (2016). SDEWES 2014 – Sustainable             Development of Energy, Water and Environment Systems. Journal Of Cleaner     Production, 1301-11. doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2016.04.062

How Motivation Positively Impacts Job Performance

Motivation generates employee’s level of energy, creativity as well as obligation. Motivational skills are the most crucial skills in organizational managers particularly while dealing with a massive team of employees.  Through motivation operation manager are ensured that the business complies with the government rules and regulation simply by applying a license. Enthusiasm can be pragmatic or proficient as a combination of focus and exertion towards specific outcomes. Intrinsic enthusiasm refers to engagement in an activity in order to generate it meaning. Employees are essentially aggravated to perform duties and engage in behaviors. In reference to Goleman’s article entities are highly motivated by various external individual factors. It is through the motivations at work place that employee has got and aspiration as well as objectives on what they want to achieve through their business organization (Goleman 2014).

Example 1

Intrinsic motivations give a clear indication of someone facing cognitive dissonance where the doing of an activity is an inherent satisfaction rather those separable consequences. An example in this particular situation an individual is moved to work for fun or challenges rather that rewards. Through motivation managers are able to determine the best employees suitable for the type of work thereby; they are awarded to ensure they put their best for the success of the company (Goleman, 2014).

Example 2

Every one life lies with the ability of how people feel about each other but, the only way for us to embrace happiness is by facing the reality. With the reality we receive a major benefit since despite any disappointment we still count it as a benefit. However, Job motivational effects are a good experience where someone gains happiness from the compliments of others.  It is definite that everyone craves for happiness and deserves to be happy to be happy but all that matters is how we go about it plus best way to achieve it (Goleman 2014).

References

Goleman Daniel, (2014).What makes a Leader. Harvard Business.

Strategic Management in Public and Private Sector

Business management is a crucial term use in business since mainly it is taken as a guarantee thereby; it is not only used in generating the brand but also securing the steady stream of consumers as well as constantly alluring to the impending ones. Just like in the public sector marketing strategy provides a detailed plan for business initiatives in the private sector with the intention of steering during the fixed period of time (Sadler & Craig, 2013). Strategic management is buttressed by a persistent of evolution thereby; in the business it aids in determining areas which need attention more. In public and third sectors as the private sector marketing strategy is essential in evaluating various fundamentals for the organization (Cole, 2007).

The only difference between the third sector and public sector is that they encounter a difficult task in defining how the strategic market can be defining the market though for the public sector it is imperative to doing it (Rao, 2008). The similar aim on all business organizations is the attraction of as many consumers as possible. A business success begin after it encirclements strategic management whereby. The experience comes along with good impacts especially on the security strategic plan. It only requires a business to understand the prominence of strategic management for it to acquire power as well as control the entire company’s fortune (Lee& Trim, 2008).

Management plans are encompassed of frequent aspects which corporations put in consideration at all times. The only three economic plans a business opts to consider should be the stockholder value, reputational peril as well as impact of the alphanumeric expertise. Strategic management in mutually the public as well as the third section ensures that business management is dispirited from making any unnecessary decisions (Sekhar, n.d.). The major process used in all the economic plans are collection of data in a systematic routine then integration of the information in a detailed order that aids the business run a long-standing selling impartial. It is advisable for every organization to ensure that the applied strategic management is able to cover a long lasting horizon (Freeman, 2010).

Organizations should ensure that they put inconsideration all the elements of marketing as the first option since it is the vital as well as highly demanded component within the theory of marketing mix. It is through the price a business set on it products that consumers are able to have an image of the firm (Needle, 2014).  However, Strategic Management is all about the identification as well as description which the management carries with an aim of achieving better performances. The private sector is more advantageous in the application of the strategy since, there is no interference with the federal state thus; no countless variation on how it operates and it makes it easy for the strategic management in generating more proactive as well as reactive in shaping the organization’s future (Al-Thani & Merna, 2013).

In both the private and public zone strategic management ensures that the organization focuses with the direction of identifying the best opportunities thereby; the business is able to spare more time and money by majoring on the available resources. It is an expectation of all organizations that they are able to increase its sales as well as profits through the application of strategic management which is capable of generating customer’s penchant for the company’s brand (Bak & Stair, 2011).  It is genuine that every business success begin after it encirclements strategic management whereby. The experience comes along with good impacts especially on the security strategic plan (Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development, 2012).

References

Al-Thani, F. F., & Merna, T. (2013). Corporate risk management. Hoboken, N.J: Wiley.

Bak, O., & Stair, N. (2011). Impact of e-business technologies on public and private organizations: Industry comparisons and perspectives. Hershey, PA: Business Science Reference.

Cole, G. A. (2007). Strategic management: Theory and practice. London: Thomson Learning.

Freeman, R. E. (2010). Strategic management: A stakeholder approach.

Lee, Y.-I., & Trim, P. R. J. (2008). Strategic marketing decision-making in Japanese and South Korean companies.

Needle, D. (2014). Business in context: An introduction to business and its environment. London: Thomson.

Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. (2012). Competitive neutrality: Maintaining a level playing field between public and private business. Paris: OECD.

Rao, P. HPr. (2008). edictive modelling in strategic marketing. New Delhi: PHI Learning.

Sadler, P., & Craig, J. C. (2013). Strategic management. London: Kogan Page

Sekhar, G. V. S. (n.d.). Business policy and strategic management. S.l.: I K International Publi.

Future Leader Experiences and Psychological Theories and Leadership

Effective competencies are a significant element for future leadership. For business to operate smoothly and enjoy the competitive advantage in the global market, it requires competent leaders who will ensure there is a superior performance in the business.  Future leaders must have the organizational skills of managing change, solving problems, planning goals and enhancing business knowledge. Competency an important factor for future leaders so that they can be able to enter in the global word and meet the global demand. Thus, future leaders must have the global mindset, understand culture diversity and have the skills on cross-culture communication. These traits will help the leaders in developing strategies on global business, develop opportunities, think strategically and enhance future growth.  Relationship is also an essential element for future leaders. The key role of the leaders is to guide and lead organization members. Thus, there must be a relationship between leaders and people so that they can communicate effective, motivate, inspire, share values and achieve the goals. In order to ensure relationship, future leaders must have transformational skills on leadership. This means that they must be charismatic, intellectual and inspirational. Finally, future leaders must have the learning capability. As a result of technological changes, future leaders must be driven by extrinsic factors. This means that leaders must have the ability to enhance business growth, be an innovator, be a global collaborator and bring organization transformation.  These essential qualities will help the leaders in moving the business forward effectively.

Behaviorism theory is applied in organization to explain the behavior of leaders. The theory is based on the psychological approach in controlling behavior (Silzer & Dowell, 2009). It explains leaders are able to make decision without involving other organization members, leaders may also allow team members to contribute their ideas before creating decision and leader may allow capable team members to make decision. The theory can be applied in the organization through the act of shaping behavior. Leaders can change the behavior through understanding the behaviors of workers. They can reward, encourage and motivate workers to continue with positive behaviors. Shaping behavior is a strategic way of influencing performance and maintaining workers within the organization (Silzer & Dowell, 2009).

Reference

Silzer, R., & Dowell, B. E. (2009). Strategy-Driven Talent Management: A Leadership Imperative. New

York, NY: John Wiley & Sons.

            Implementation of Strategic management in public, third and private organizations

Strategic management in every business organization involves the invention as well as implementation of the main goals plus all the ingenuities taken by the organization’s top management on behalf of ownership based on consideration of resources. Strategic Management is all about the identification as well as description which the management carries with an aim of achieving better performances (Tom 112, 2014). Organizations consider Strategic Management at all points since it ensures that the business has a comprehensive collection of on-going activities as well as processes used in conducting and aligning all the resources and activities systematically. Strategic Management is applicable in the private sector as it is in the public sector simply, because its essence is how the organization adds value to the product as well as services (BRYSON 56, 2011).

In the private sector, stratagem is use as the major element in defining organizations purposes especially which leads to generation of principles. In the private sector formulation of strategies majors on how the business has been set on accomplishing generation of principles taken into justification (LØWENDAHL 159, 2015).  The only difference of strategic management in private sector over public sector is that its countenance of values can be expressed in various either as making the world better plus more endurable. The above question implies that the public organization has got a major obligation to rethink on the major perspectives in terms of competitions as well as other competitive advantages. However, it has to volte-face in terms of invention plus inexpensive advantage (NUTT, P. C., & BACKOFF 213, 2012).

Public organizations are encountered with several challenges which are mainly brought about by pressure from the rule making bodies. However, on the private sector there is no interference with the federal state thus; no countless variation on how it operates and it makes it easy for the strategic management in generating more proactive as well as reactive in shaping the organization’s future (HARVEY & HARVEY 169, 2008) .The business have to re-think of the imminent with the aim of enlarging its ability as well as skills of estimating what its changes will make to the organization. Unlike in private sectors, in the public sector strategic management forces it in setting its goals as well as measurement of success whereby; the measurement of realisation requires the business to recognize various critical activities (RAO & SIVARAMAKRISHNA  234 2008).

 Strategy enactment allows the business to examine results of various activities. The management enables all organizations either public or private set its financial ratio thus providing a statement of the balance sheet (Peter &James 64, 2015). It is the strategic management which ensures that all the financial budgeting in the organization does not place any thought of restraining the expenditure, rather procurement of the most crucial assets in the business (SEKHAR 72, 2013).

Strategy is as important in not-for-profit organizations as it is in business firms thereby; it only requires the business to anticipate the future environment in order to develop various plans plus, prediction of future surrounding (JAUCH & TOWNSEND 234, 2010).  Strategic Management is applicable in the private sector as it is in the public sector simply, because its essence is how the organization adds value to the product as well as services. In the all the organizational sectors the strategic management provides an overall directions in meeting all the enterprises involved in specifying the business objectives. Organizations consider Strategic Management at all points since it ensures that the business has a comprehensive collection of on-going activities as well as processes used in conducting and aligning all the resources and activities systematically (COLE 68, 2009).

References

RAO, C. A., RAO, B. P., & SIVARAMAKRISHNA, K. (2008). Strategic management and business policy: texts and cases. New Delhi, India, Excel.

COLE, G. A. (2009). Strategic management: theory and practice. London, Thomson Learning.

SEKHAR, G. V. S. (2013). Business policy and strategic management. [S.l.], I K International Publi.

BRYSON, J. M. (2011). Strategic planning for public and nonprofit organizations: a guide to strengthening and sustaining organizational achievement. http://www.dawsonera.com/depp/reader/protected/external/AbstractView/S9781118049938.

NUTT, P. C., & BACKOFF, R. W. (2012). Strategic management of public and third sector organizations: a handbook for leaders. San Francisco, Jossey-Bass Publishers.

HARVEY, D. F., & HARVEY, D. F. (2008). Strategic management and business policy. Columbus, Merrill.

JAUCH, L. R., & TOWNSEND, J. B. (2010). Cases in strategic management and business policy.

HALACHMI, A., & BOUCKAERT, G. (2011). Public productivity through quality and strategic management. Amsterdam [etc.], IOS Press

Peter Smith, and James L. Perry. (2015). "Strategic Management in Public and Private Organizations: Implications of Distinctive Contexts and Constraints." Academy Of Management Review 10, no. 2: 276-286. Business Source Complete, EBSCOhost (accessed October 30, 2016).

Nartisa, Ieva, Romans Putans, and Tatjana Muravska. 2012. "STRATEGIC PLANNING AND MANAGEMENT IN PUBLIC AND PRIVATE SECTOR ORGANIZATIONS IN EUROPE: COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS AND OPPORTUNITIES FOR IMPROVEMENT." European Integration Studies no. 6: 240-248. Business Source Complete, EBSCOhost (accessed October 30, 2016).

Oblak, Renato, Ante Bistričić, and Alen Jugović. 2013. "PUBLIC-PRIVATE PARTNERSHIP - MANAGEMENT MODEL OF CROATIAN SEAPORTS." Management: Journal Of Contemporary Management Issues 18, no. 1: 79-102. Business Source Complete, EBSCOhost (accessed October 30, 2016).

Robert .M.Grant.  2013. Contempolary Strategy Analysis. University of the West of Scotland. Realease 2013.

ORCULLO, N. A., JR. (2008). Fundamentals of strtegic management. Manila, Philippines, Rex Book Store

LØWENDAHL, B. (2015). Strategic management of professional service firms. Copenhagen, Copenhagen Business School Press.

Tom Keegan. (2014).Influencing Organizational Strategy.Ubniversity of The West of Scotland, Workbook

 Appraising Performance at Precision

Question 1

Several issues are to be faced with the process.  One the employees are expected to raise high resistance to the proposed program based on the fact that their rating in the past has always been similar.  The program will, therefore, work to ensure that those that portrays greater skills and capabilities stands out. This may generate controversies among the employees (Martocchio, 2016).  This may result in poor relation in the workplace thus lowering productivity and performance gradually.

An addition issue that may be generated is a poor understanding of both understanding and communication performance objectives. The employees of the organization will thus be required by the program to have effective communication which must exist in two ways. In the past, the mode of communication was one direction guided and this may develop different issues (Martocchio, 2016). This is mainly because the employees are bound to feel betrayed or as if some information is being withheld from them. Based on the fact that the goals will not be communicated effectively to all the employees this will make them feel low (Tapamoy, 2008).

Appraisals at most of the times are not fair because some of the employees who are supposed to be praised are left out.  This, therefore, means that those that will feel discriminated or not appreciated enough will feel discriminated and will opt to leave work (Martocchio, 2016). This may, therefore, grow the turnover rate in the organization. Responsibilities for employees are also expected to rise which may low productivity based on the fact that employees will feel so much pressure. The changes are therefore expected to high higher rate of resistance from employees thus resulting in poor communication and relation (Tapamoy, 2008). The general productivity of the organization may be affected.

Question 2

The program in any organization is completely grounded on performance appraisal. This, therefore, implies that the performance appraisal must make all the considerations of merit pay system. A well-developed performance will only be determined by improved work benefits and bonuses in an organization (Tapamoy, 2008).  This, therefore, implies that the appraisal strategy should be developed completely.  This implies that the supervisors in the organization should ensure that the subordinates performance and productivity is reviewed often.  The rating procedure should be fair which not make some employees feel discriminated (Tapamoy, 2008).  This will help in avoiding the issue of low productivity and high rate of turnover.

Secondly, the criteria of performance appraisal that is utilized by the management should be communicated adequately to the employees. This should, therefore, include giving a detailed description of the job to ensure that there is job transparency (Tapamoy, 2008). This will additionally help in developing relations in the organization. Good communication is essential in developing productivity as well as performance.  The appraisal, reward and the compensation should be discussed with the employees. This is to allow them to raise their views of the strategies and their thoughts. This will, therefore, ensure that the interests of the employees are well considered before developing specific decisions.  Building better relations in the workplace should incorporate the desires and the wellbeing of everyone. This is mainly because employees play a crucial part in determining success.  Performance appraisal should be conducted often to act as a motivation strategy to keep employees motivated and to satisfy their needs (Tapamoy, 2008). This is mainly because high performance requires a high rate of motivation and needs satisfaction.

Reference

Joseph J. Martocchio. (2016). Strategic Compensation: A Human Resource Management Approach. Pearson Education.

Tapamoy, D. (2008). Performance appraisal and management: Concepts, antecedents and implications.

Safety and Quality Management in Manufacturing and Distribution of Products in a Soft Drink Company

It is undeniable that in the beverage industry, production of drinks encompasses manufacturing and distribution of huge amounts of products. This includes both non-alcoholic and alcoholic sectors in the beverage industry. Citing from the fact that the industry has been around for several centuries, it is true that it has developed significantly in terms of production quantity and the markets served. However, though the industry has developed considerably, it is perceptible that production processes have not changed that much. This disregards the increasing concern on the quality and safety of the drinks especially keeping in mind that most of them are distributed to long distances. Precisely, the production process involves five major procedures which include water treatment, compounding ingredients, product carbonation, filling and packaging. This exhibits that there are few implementations that can be made amid the production procedures to guarantee quality and mostly health safety. Under the packaging process, the drinks are packed in aluminum, glass and plastic cans which means that the elements used to make the bottles can interfere with the quality of the products if not handled carefully.  This is one of the reasons why the government has been intensifying regulations in beverage industry. Therefore, it is the responsibility of the company to employ effective strategies of safety and quality management of their products. In this research, the data will be collected using both qualitative and quantitative research methods. Additionally, the study will rely on primary and secondary research where the data collected will be analyzed quantitatively and qualitatively. Data collection will involve use of surveys and interviews to the randomly selected participants from the two major soft drink companies which include Coca Cola and Pepsi co. The projected results from the research include that fact that soft drink companies use different quality and safety management strategies together with applying Manufacturing Planning and Control (MPC) System.

Research Problem 

Safety and quality of soft drinks has been a major concern especially for the government regulation bodies since 2010 after a research conducted by Hollins University microbiologists indicated that approximately 48% of drinking soda contains fecal bacteria (Merchant, 2010). This exhibits that safety and quality management of the soft drink companies is not as effective as it should be.

Literature Review

Manufacturing Planning and Control (MPC) System Framework

Manufacturing or production Planning and Control (MPC) System Framework can be delineated as an approach that involves planning and controlling the production process including all aspects starting with materials, employees, machine scheduling, coordinating customers and suppliers (Jacobs, 2011). The effectiveness of MPC is based on the success of the company regardless of the changes in strategy, company environment, market demand, and supply chain opportunities. This basically means that an effective MPC should be able to adapt and respond the changes without altering the results. The major purpose of Manufacturing Planning and Control System is to effectively manage the production procedures, supervise equipment and employee performance, and respond to the demands of both customers and suppliers (Jacobs, 2011) . It is noteworthy that Manufacturing Planning and Control System is just a framework that gives managers the directions towards safety and quality management in production and supply chain.     

Manufacturing Planning and Control System Activities

The activities of MPC system revolve around planning and controlling manufacturing operations and procedures in a firm (Jacobs, 2011). One other major objectives of the system is demand management where the activities are coordinated to facilitate compatibility of manufacturing capacity and market demand. On the other hand, the system helps in sales and operations planning be determining the manufacturing role of the organization towards achieving the projected goals and objectives (Jacobs, 2011). Lastly, Manufacturing or production Planning and Control System contributes to resource planning which helps the company allocate sufficient production resources that will meet the market demands. The three roles of the system are categorized under master production scheduling which focuses on the capacity of production that a company adopts in meeting market demands. After master production scheduling, the next stage of the system includes material and capacity planning where the organization plans on the rate of production (Jacobs, 2011).

For the large-scale companies, this stage involves calculation of the capacity of the components required to manufacture the end-product. Additionally, the company adopts a strategy called Material Requirement Planning (MRP) which involves time-by-time planning for the raw materials required to manufacture the end products. The last stage of the system involves execution of Manufacturing Planning and Control (MPC). Precisely, this stage involves coordinating and planning the accessibility of the manufactured products by the customers and suppliers. For the companies that produce variety of products, this stage involves grouping all the products of similar type into one work center (Jacobs, 2011). This helps in scheduling the orders by grouping the shops at the work center with regards to the group of products assigned. For the companies that employ MRP system, implementation of material and capacity plan entails scheduling of work processes in the work center (Jacobs, 2011). The scheduling ought to reflect all the procedures from starting to completing shop orders together with any interventions that occurs during the distribution process.

On the basis of quality and safety of products manufactured, components and materials used to manufacture the end products are correspondingly scheduled (Jacobs, 2011). Citing from the fact that a company can purchase the raw materials from outside, managing quality and capacity of the manufactured products should be planned and schedule appropriately. With the help of MPC system, the planning enables the company meet and maximize customer satisfaction. It is factual that in order to match the MPC system with the needs of the company, additional parameters ought to be implement in order to achieve the desired results (Jacobs, 2011). This can be argued on the basis that as the market continues to endure significant changes such as demand, technology and competitive conditions, MPC system has to change too. For instance, with regard to the developing technology, one of the current trends in application of MPC system includes use of online data and systems. Use of internet has enhanced access speed, storage capabilities and decreasing the costs of implementation (Jacobs, 2011). Referencing the integration of firms in the contemporary world, it is undeniable that internet-based MPC system is very important especially for coordination between the firms. Planning and paper work has been decreased significantly thereby speeding up the implementation process. Furthermore, data sharing for the inventories between firms in the supply chain has been accelerated considerably (Jacobs, 2011).

The other change that has affected implementation of MPC is physical processes within the production floor (Jacobs, 2011). The design of the system has recently been affected by activities such as outsourcing, contract production and job allocation in the corporation. This influence can be deemed on technology since moving information to the level where decisions should be made has been replaced by use of computers. As a result, this has affected the relationship between planning and implementation (Jacobs, 2011). Generally, MPC system modifies the manufacturing strategy of an organization by controlling production variety towards achieving customer and supplier satisfaction.

Application of Manufacturing Planning and Control (MPC) System in Soft Drink Companies

Citing from the concept of Manufacturing Planning and Control system implementation for manufacturing and distribution processes in a firm, it is true that companies should execute the system in quality and safety management (Jacobs, 2011). It is perceptible that one of the major challenges regarding supply chain management especially for soft drink producers such as Pepsi Co. and Coca Cola includes maintaining quality and safety of the products with regard to the regulatory standards. For example, the major objective of the safety and quality management strategy of Coca Cola Company focuses on delivering, safe, high quality and refreshing drinks to their target customers (Staff, 2012). As a result, Coca Cola work towards achieving this organizational goal prior to making sure that their products meet the regulatory standards. Precisely, they achieve safety and quality management strategy by following stringent standards for their products and ingredients to guarantee safety and high quality of the products (Staff, 2012). Back to the MPC system, master product scheduling helps the firm select collect raw material that will be appropriate for the manufacturing of the product that will achieve high quality standards.

Precisely, soft drink companies use product manufacturing and distribution policies implemented under material and capacity planning stage of the MPC system. For example, Coca Cola uses a program called KORE (Coca Cola Operating Requirements) which focuses on monitoring and measuring the standards of the manufactured products to make sure that they have attained regulatory standards (Staff, 2012). On the other hand, Pepsi Co. follows their code of conduct that asserts that the company is committed to distributing safe products that have achieved the regulatory standards of the markets served. Through the code of conduct, the company focuses on quality not only during production but also during sales and promotion (Staff, 2012). As a result, Pepsi Co. runs a laboratory that conducts safety and quality control measures to make sure that the products have the desired quality prior to distribution (PepsiCo, 2014). Soft drink companies conduct stringent tests and measures of product quality in the modernized laboratories equipped with qualified personnel. In order to promote quality and safety of the products across different markets served, soft drink companies use integrated quality and safety management strategy to hold their operations wide (PepsiCo, 2014). The operations of the firms during production and distribution are guided by the policies and programs that highlight the requirements towards achieving the desired quality of the products.

The major objectives of using integrated quality management tool in MPC system includes aligning quality objectives of the firm with measures of performance, acting as a management tool for supply of products towards meeting the market demands, and managing the risk associated with bottling operations and supply chain. Furthermore, integrated quality management acts as a problem solving tool and promotes consistent quality management of the products, services and the processes involved. On the other hand, soft drink companies use their unannounced audits to make sure that the manufacturing facilities are operating effectively according to the firm’s safety and quality management policies and programs (Staff, 2012). By evaluating the risks posed by the manufacturing facilities and the selection of the raw materials, soft drink firms are able to manage product and ingredient quality and safety with regard to the regulatory standards.

Coca Cola Company uses its supplier management program that makes sure that the firm is acquainted with the potential risks posed by the suppliers (Staff, 2012). The company ensures that the suppliers are capable of persistently offering ingredients and packaging materials that satisfy firm’s specifications and demands. As a matter of fact, this is one of the strategies that the firms employ under detailed material and capacity planning stage in MPC system. Under this stage, these firms are concerned mainly on coordinating operations and procedures on a timely basis or basically executing just-in-time (JIT) system. This helps in minimizing the risks that might affect continuity of supply to the target markets. The supplier management program extends to making sure that the materials delivered by the suppliers have achieved the requirements of regulatory standards such as Global Food Safety Initiative (GFSI) standard (Staff, 2012). Therefore, companies such as Coca Cola are engaged in supplier development programs that focus on capability building in order to strengthen quality and safety of materials prior to product manufacturing and distribution. Citing from the research that indicated that approximately 48% of drinking soda contains fecal bacteria, companies such as Coca Cola and Pepsi Co. engage in ingredients assessment to make sure that materials used cannot lead to product contamination (Merchant, 2010). Additionally, as an approach of ingredient management, soft drink firms make sure that the materials are obtained from reliable and recognized sources. Therefore, if there is a concern about the safety of the material, the firm does not use it (Staff, 2012).

Methodology                

Data Collection

The study will rely on both secondary and primary data collection both qualitatively and quantitatively. To start with, the primary research will include use of surveys and interviews to collect the required data on how soft drink organizations conduct safety and quality management for their products. The number of expected survey respondents ranges from 50 to 70 whereas the partakers of the interview range from 10 to 15. The respondents will be randomly selected from the list of employees from the selected soft drink companies that dominate the beverage market. Precisely, the expected partakers will come from both Coca Cola and Pepsi Co. The data collection will start with survey which will be conducted to the randomly selected participants. After the survey, few participants will be selected for the interview with regards to the validity and reliability of information given. The recruitment of survey respondents will start with notifications made using letters distributed to the selected persons. Additionally, the selected participants will be informed through telephone calls together with emails. The notifications will act as an informed consent to the participants to create awareness on their selection and the date of survey. After the participants are recruited for the surveys, they will be provided with questionnaires which will feature both closed and open-ended questions regarding their company’s safety and quality management strategies. After the distribution of questionnaires, participants will be given period of one week to fill the questionnaires and submit them. The data from the questionnaires will be analyzed in order to select 10 to 15 participants who fulfill the desired requirements for the interview. The selected participants for the interview will be informed through emails and telephone calls to notify them on the date and time of the interview. The respondents will be informed that participation is voluntary and they have a right to withdraw at any level. Furthermore, it will be made known to the participants that confidentiality and anonymity will be strictly embraced and the data collected will be used for this research only. Personal details and other information will be destroyed in one month after the research.

On the other hand, secondary research will include collection of data from internet sources such as peer reviewed articles, companies’ websites and news articles. The sources will be selected and analyzed first before collecting data from them. The validity and reliability of a source will be determined by the date of publishing, the author and compatibility with the topic being addressed. For example, the eligible source for this research ought to have been published not earlier than 2010. Additionally, the source should be reliable in terms of the publisher and the area of citation adhered to by the source. Thus, some of the sources to be selected include news articles, company websites, peer reviewed articles and journals. The research will also use other studies conducted on the same topic provided that the research was not conducted earlier than 2010. After the sources are selected, data will be collected from them and arranged with regards to similarity and conformity with the research topic. After compiling the information from internet sources, it will be combined with primary research data and compared in order to be used in the data analysis.  

Data Analysis    

The data from primary and secondary research will first be analyzed individually and later combined to support the hypothesis of the research. To start with, data from the survey will be analyzed first to determine the most appropriate respondents for the interview. Some of the factors to consider in this level include fastidiousness of the information given and knowledge exhibited by the participant. On the other hand, data from the interview will be arranged first with regard to variables such as gender, age, company served, experience and position served. After arranging the questionnaires, personal details will be destroyed in order to minimize the bias while judging the results. Additionally, classification of data will be broken down further according to the similarity of the answers given. Precisely, the data will be analyzed both qualitatively and quantitatively using different types of data representation for each method.

Limitations of the Study  

Citing from the fact that the research will be based on strategies employed by major soft drink companies to manage the quality and safety of their products, it is factual that there are several limitations that will be exhibited by the study. To start with, one of the limitations of the study will be that it will not spot the weak points of the safety and quality management strategies adopted by the selected companies. The other limitation is that the research will not recommendable the improvements required to enhance safety and quality management strategies in beverage industry. Lastly, the research results will be limited to beverage industry and will not be reliable for any other industry.         

References

Staff, J. (2012). Product and Ingredient Safety. Coca Cola. Retrieved from http://www.coca-colacompany.com/stories/quality

Merchant, B. (2010). 48% Of Fast Food Soda Fountains Contain Bacteria That Grew In Feces. Tree Hugger. Retrieved from http://www.treehugger.com/green-food/48-of-fast-food-soda-fountains-contain-bacteria-that-grew-in-feces.html

PepsiCo, (2014). Quality and Safety. PespiCo-Ivi. Retrieved from http://www.pepsico-ivi.gr/versions/eng/page.aspx?itemID=SPG26

Jacobs, F. R. (2011). Manufacturing planning and control for supply chain management. New York: McGraw-Hill.    

Skills and the steps to success

Goal setting

Goals in life are set in order to ensure that success is achieved however hard the task will be and this defines the willingness to succeed. Clearly, predefined goals enhance the hard work of an individual making him/her work tirelessly to achieve the goals. The end point of every situation in what is perceived by either a company or a person through development is a goal by which success is assured. Goals are important since on whom lacks a goal in life can be compared to an individual just running around with nothing to achieve (Newman & Newman, 2012). Goal setting allows you to always have clarity on what one wants at the final stage of the situation. Goal setting makes one crystallize the floating desires in the mind by channeling both time, resources, the effort, and the energy desired to fulfill what really matters most in life and in the careers. The creations of the mind always make up for the first impression and afterward putting down what one has in mind into reality for success.

In engineering, goals are very wide since the career itself involves different involvements and ample time to study and also to practically put to using the skills obtained. Engineering majors will always create chances and new challenges in study life but with the right mind and clear goals, success is assured. Ample time has to be devoted to studying sessions in order to increase the skills and knowledge one has and wants to achieve as part of the objectives (Foss, 2013). During graduation, an engineering student will always want to have the first class honor that will assist in securing him a good job after graduation. With the new skills obtained, a graduate in engineering will not require being employed by anyone since he/she can succeed through applying the skills in reality to gain a life. Having the best GPA gives an assurance of success not only in life but also personal satisfaction in the case that the sacrifices made in the study did not go into waste. Dedication to succeed must have clearly defined goals that can involve believing in oneself in the essence that a difference can only be made by hard work. For an engineering student, working together and effectively with other members in small groups can develop a problem-solving solution that would otherwise be hard to come up with on their own. The ultimate results of a group are a good performance and eventually a good GPA (Trevouledes & Grieger, 2012).

Setting a road map to success requires ample time application and also designing a time management schedule with units on it and what the end results to be achieved are. Before graduation, the time given to students is considered the best and enough to have obtained certain skills to assist in life challenges. The engineer will in the near future after graduation wants to have a good job that does not involve hard struggles and wastage of resources. To move from a current less effective program with no or lesser goals, a student will need to have laser focus. Every goal will provide a focal point in success but the real focus should be the purpose to succeed and what achievement one wants in life. Time and energy should certainly be the best focus and the real deal to what needs to be done to succeed. Engineering is all about creating a lasting solution to life challenges and helping others in what seems to be an impossible step in life (Foss, 2013). This can be in building something that will make a difference and solve that particular challenge that seems like a mountain to many.

Community building

Having a lasting and particularly good relationship with other people increases the chances of success. Activities such as having group discussions and spending time with others always enhance the chance to creating a solution that would otherwise be hard individually. From the time one is in the first year to when one is the final year, there are many people one meets with and in them, a good relationship can be born. This relationship with peers and friends all over enhances the creativity in life and make it simpler even in studies. Rejuvenation is always a good encounter and with peers around it makes it even fun to have that lasting friendship with the society. A student will always want to be at the center of every activity since from this activity certain skills are learned which can be applied elsewhere. In community building, an engineer will want to be recognized as a pillar to life challenges. This ideology can help in such a way that exchanging thoughts with other students at school or outside school creates recognition in certain levels and after graduation, the recognition can assist in getting a reputable career position (In Kennedy-Phillips et al., 2015). Participating in co-curricular activities enhances body building and also living a healthy life. These are not the only advantages of co-curricular activities since education without having fun in it is not effective. Success and development come from being physical, intellectually, morally, and most importantly socially acceptable to all.

Particular skills can be obtained just by participating outside class work either in music, dances, sports, and drama. All these activities assist in making sure that an individual does not remain glued on books until there is less room for other activities. Balancing both the books and a life out of books is important to even open up the mind to other opportunities in life (Trevouledes & Grieger, 2012). Being an engineer will always involve engaging with other people to develop a solution and design as per the requirements in case of a job opportunity. These skills to engage with other people comfortably will be acquired through extracurricular activities and they will be enhanced much more by being a serious participant in these activities. Engineering students will always want and in real life, they are the center of activities since without their skills in construction, certain constructive activities would be a dream to many and therefore they are the center of activities and like to be recognized by skills. Joining organizations at school and outside enhances the living styles of every personality and engineers can take this opportunity in upgrading and showing what they can do to the society (Foss, 2013). Potential clients and employers will sometimes use these platforms in selecting the best and this can be great opportunity to have reputable career advancement.

Academic development

Under the academic development, use of the available resources effectively is alternatively the best step to success. Institutions have the advantage of being in possession of almost every material that is important for student mind development (In Crawford et al., 2015). The materials are provided free of charge as long as one is a student in the institution. Every institution is equipped with laboratory services that students can use to demonstrate what they have in mind. These resources can be put into extra good use by inviting competitors from various neighboring institutions and showcasing what one has a way of developing the thinking capacity through the exchange of ideas. Lectures and the lecturers are the most important figures in a campus since they can be able to define more on what questions and bothers one might be having. Understanding how well a student can perform in class lectures compared to a group or outside lectures is most likely notable by a student and not by the lecturers and so every student needs to weigh which best works for him/her (In Kennedy-Phillips et al., 2015). Tutors and advice from experienced and lecturer is an advantage since it creates chances in life that would not have been experienced except through these programs.

Engineering students need to always be sharp in mind to undertake tasks that might be hard for other students and therefore having a predefined mind is the right step. To move from a student to a qualified personality in the field of engineering will require devoting the time and also follow up on the resources such as the readily available lecturers around the campus. Create a learning style that is different from other people and which suites where one wants to be in future. The information obtained from articles and other resources provided by the school should be used to enhance the living capacity of an individual and it is only through this channel that one can have a particularly good future. A campus library can be used to enhance the knowledge through a step deeper from where a lecturer left. Full and in content texts of a particular subject can be obtained through this system and in most cases the content found in the research articles is more useful and advantageous even in real life situations leave alone the exam purposes (Newman & Newman, 2012). Engineering students are once in a while advised to use these available resources for their benefit especially since the world today is changing at a very high rate and thus the extra knowledge can be combined with that which is known to develop an attractive site for the society.

 The campus is an environment for learning and development and this is according to the definition of what a library is and therefore applying this definition in every field of learning either on campus or outside of campus there is so much that one can gain from just using the resources to benefit the mind. A good GPA is obtained by the willingness to take an extra step in life to study hard and have clear objectives on what one wants after graduation. Many institutions have the advantage of offering students career choices and jobs while still at the campus. This is an opportunity for the students to put the skills obtained in class into actual use and weigh if they really gained something from any lectures. It is also an opportunity to gain recognition by potential employers who might be interested in the skills one has achieved from campus (Foss, 2013). Every student after graduation will want to have a good job and a comfortable one and this can be achieved through the maximum use of the available resources and engage in activities such as tutorials to enhance the knowledge gained.

Personal development

Improving the self-awareness and the skills in order to achieve academic success always comes first. Applying the best strategies to succeed and how to approach an issue is a strategy that most students need to use particularly in the learning process. Lecturers task students with the responsibilities to find solutions in certain subjects and do in-depth research as a way to learn. This platform should be used to develop personal goals and objectives through the change of attitude (Trevouledes & Grieger, 2012). Many students prefer studying on their own since they regard this as a preferable method to gain knowledge. Having group works is the best strategy and students need to change their attitude towards group works. Based on gender inequality, the females are sometimes disregarded in the field of engineering as opposed to the males. Respecting either gender is one of the crucial aspects to success. The mind has the capability to be occupied with as much information as possible both the negative and the positive. At some point, having a negative attitude towards somebody or something reduces the possibility of success since if one is perceived as incapable; the ultimate result is a failure (Trevouledes & Grieger, 2012). One can have a particularly bad attitude towards a unit such as mathematics but the difference is that the course requires that unit and without it, the chance to be an engineer is long gone. Changing the future begins with first changing the attitude towards a subject. Having confidence in what one does is a positive view since even the hard activities will be leveled by the confidence one has in the mind.

Engineering students should be willing to ask for assistance, accept whom they are, allow room for change, and always be prepared for new encounters. Being reluctant to change will hinder a chance to success either in class or in other fields. Personal acceptance plays a central role in human development and learning. Personal challenges can only be changed if one accepts to change the mind. If a student allows engaging others during studying and take up challenges in class the development in the mind and creativity is assured (In Crawford et al., 2015). Students should also change their behaviors to take up the behaviors that are in line with successful outcomes. Taking time to study hard and do research always pays off handsomely in the end since the struggles of securing a job while one has the skills are less than those who never had the time to study hard. Starting self-sponsored research tasks is an effective way to deal with time wastage while on campus.

Giving priority to study sessions increases the possibility of mastering what might seem difficult for others. It is always advised that in every lecture, a student should have gone through the course work before the lecturer does the lectures to create room for understanding what is being taught (Trevouledes & Grieger, 2012). By this way, a student can do more research on issues that did not appear clear during a session and therefore improved knowledge of understanding. Successful goals and achievements come with sacrifices and in the cause of studying, staying fit is an obligation so as not to accumulate stress in the mind. Stress management programs such as co-curricular activities and engaging others assist in reducing stress. Engaging in ethical issues also assist in managing stress and therefore a good chance for success. Being prepared before any activity such as in the case of exams is a step that eliminates panic and poor results. The willingness to succeed comes with the willingness to change for the better.    

References

Newman, B. M., & Newman, P. R. (2012). Development through life: A psychosocial approach. Belmont, CA: Wadsworth Cengage Learning.

Foss, D. J. (2013). Your complete guide to college success: How to study smart, achieve your       goals, and enjoy campus life.

In Kennedy-Phillips, L., In Baldasare, A., & In Christakis, M. N. (2015). Measuring         cocurricular learning: The role of the IR office.

In Crawford, A., Hall, E., Gameson, R., Pettegree, A., Darnton, R., Allan, D., Sutherland, J., ...    Billington, J. H. (2015). The meaning of the library: A cultural history.

Trevouledes, D., & Grieger, I. Z. (2012). Success and sanity on the college campus: A guide for   parents. Lanham [Md.: Rowman & Littlefield Education.

Personality traits in Crisp Recycling Company

Deliberative

Deliberative trait is very important and it fits in Crisp Recycling Company in that both workers and managers are involved in a deliberation process where they hold discussion on a particular actions. Organization members examine the issue together and exchanges information until they reach into an agreement (Kisling, 2007). For example, within this organization, workers and managers are allowed to introduce a new issue or an existing disturbing issue so that solutions can be made.

Adaptability

Adaptability is applied in Crisp Recycling Company in that the organization has the ability to manage the unexpected changes.  Due to the changes in technology, the organization has a high a level of preparedness in case of any technological or environmental changes (Kisling, 2007). This helps the organization to meet the customers need and to maintain its competitive edge in the global market.

Intellection

Intellection fits within this organization in that there are intellectual leaders who use their human potential and mentality to develop new ideas and strategic methods of solving problems.  Leaders within the organization play an important role of foreseeing the organization future and creating vision (Kisling, 2007).  They are charismatic and transformational to ensure that the organization achieves its goals.

Restorative

Restorative leadership is visible within the organization in that leaders strives to do the best, finds solutions and solves problems.  They are able to investigate new ways and fixing them in the organization to improve things and restore the things which are not working.

Futuristic

Futuristic personality trait fits in this organization given that leaders stay focused and foresees the future and predicts the organization opportunities.  They fully understand the future from A-Z and they are able to use strategic ways such as changing behaviors, culture and more in order to achieve success (Kisling, 2007).  They are interested in learning day by day and move outside the business environment to find new ideas which will help in reaching the future.

Reference

Kisling, R. A. (2007). Character for leadership: The role of personal characteristics in effective leadership

behaviors.

Not All Companies Are Viewed as Equal

In a world of free trade, the public views regarding a particular industry highly rely on the products brought in the market. The firm’s ability to understand the consumer expectation and needs attracts huge attention than any other industry (Bhagwati, 2008). Every industry plays a vital role as they make the lives of the public better. It is important to consider the company ethical role on issues such as corporate social responsibility which assists the firm gain favor from the consumers rather than the society. An exemplary example of the alcoholic industry has been unfairly targeted as a threat to the society because of the products they produce. In comparison, people have a positive perception towards the industries that produce soft drinks due to the influence they have on someone after consuming them.  As an advocate of the alcoholic industry, it is not right for the public to observe all companies differently (Ferell, Fraedrich, & Ferell, 2014).

The alcoholic industry has fallen to be a victim of negative perception and the businesses that jointly practice similar activities. It is wrong because the alcoholic manufacturing companies are just similar to other businesses as it is licensed and performs its operation in accordance with the specific laws and regulation. Its practices are regulated and it is constantly vetted with the various requirements. As a result of the unfair target, some of the companies in the alcoholic industries have experienced massive losses in terms of revenue and well as existing and potential customers.

The role of capitalism is significant as it has played a vital part in company making decision which has led to inequitable market policies resulting to the unfair target (Bhagwati, 2008). A literal example of an employee of the alcoholic industry may not be allowed to preach in the church as the majority of the church members will not be in a position to understand how such an employee or worker can preach the gospel. This perception is unfair as it makes the employee feel of less importance to the society and that they cannot claim their jobs proudly when in reality they are employees like any other (Ferell, Fraedrich, & Ferell, 2014).

The company can conjointly cater for both its interest and that of the consumer. This is because the consumer has an ultimate power to make a choice on which product to partake that is considered too healthy or not and in return the company has an ethical obligation to protect the people by ensuring that their products meet the set requirements and standards (Bhagwati, 2008). This can be proven in many instances where the alcoholic industry is one of the big spenders on advertisements where the state that alcohol should only be sold to persons of a certain age and above and that excessive consumption of the drinks can affect their health (Shimp, 2010). The companies also state that the drinks should be consumed responsibly and they should at all cost avoid drunk driving. Moreover, most consumers are aware of the dangers of not observing what the companies recommend but still consume the drink as usual. Due to the role of protecting the consumer the companies issue paramount warnings.

It is, therefore, unprincipled for the entire public not to see all businesses the same as it leads to discrimination that has a great impact on the companies negatively. Moreover, all the companies in various industries should be considered equal so long as they comply with the required laws and regulations. It is important to view the alcoholic industry positively just like any other industry (Ferell, Fraedrich, & Ferell, 2014).

Reference

Bhagwati, J. N. (2008). Free trade today. Princeton, NJ [u.a.: Princeton Univ. Press.

Ferell, O. C., Fraedrich, J., & Ferell. (2014). Business Ethics: Ethical Decisin Making & Cases. Washington: Cengage Learning.

Shimp, T. A. (2010). Advertising, promotion, and other aspects of integrated marketing   communications. Mason, Ohio: South-Western Cengage Learning.

Grade Inflation

Introduction

Grade inflation is a burning issue in colleges and universities. The Institutional leaders and professors are showing a lot of concern on this issue, as students wants change in grade pattern so that they can achieve a high level of GPA.  Shepard, Slavov and Coplin  are authors who  revisits this issue and assert that  many students are focusing on achieving ‘A’ despite the fact that their performance do not deserve it.  According to the article by Slavov, grade inflation is a problem in many colleges following that a research on grade inflation was done and 200 colleges were involved. The finding showed that 40% of grades were ‘A’. Coplin’s article also asserts that the issue has affected many colleges and Princeton University’s is finding policies which can eradicate the grade inflation. Shepard’s article also contributes to this issue and asserts that in many colleges, professor is being challenged with students for posting grades below than ‘A’ in the electronic bulletin board. Generally, the articles assert that grade inflation in colleges is associated with many negative issues and to eradicate the problem, there is possible solution which should be applied.

The issue on grade inflation, nature of grades and method of grading has been discussed by various authors with an aim of providing solution to eradicate the problem. In Slavov’s article, though some people belief that grade inflation will help students to find a better position in job market, grade inflation can cause a huge destruction in the society and so, there should possible solution to control this issue (Slavov, 2013). The author relates the issue of grade inflation with price inflation in the market and asserts that if the price inflation is not regulated, then the money will lose its value. Similarly, the article assert that grade inflation (a state in which all students gets ‘A’ or ‘A+’) will  lead to greater concentration  on top grades. This means that there will be no value on students’ ability and there is a possibility that they many end up experiencing unemployment problems since the employers cannot different between capable students and incompetent (Slavov, 2013). The article assert that  if grade  inflation is eliminated,  students will  increase their effort and there will be difference in grading pattern following that outstanding student will receive an ‘A’ and the  next high grade will be  A or B+.

According to Slavov article, many universities have searched for the best ways which can be used to eradicate grade inflation and they have come up with the idea that professors should distribute grades online or on students’ transcripts. The grade should be based on each course which the student is pursuing and this strategy is effective in that everybody understands that majority had a high grade on a certain course and so in the employment environment, the employers will not put much concern on the grades (Slavov, 2013).  This also indicates that students will be interested in pursuing hard courses and will seek help and motivation from professors.  This strategy will eradicate grade inflation given that students will try to pursue unique course and strive to achieve excellence in order to get a position in the employment field rather than depending on grade inflation and concentration of upper grades (Slavov, 2013).

 Slavov’s article asserts that in 2004, Princeton University proved an effective way of eradicating grade inflation. The instituted recommended that when doing evaluation on average grade, professors should make sure that ‘A’ grades on undergraduate courses should not exceed 35% (Slavov, 2013). This policy will help professor to lower grades and award students higher grades if they deserve.  On the same article, other alternative on eradicating the grade inflation is based on the idea that professors shook uncap the higher grades. This means that the high grades should be made to shift upwards after a while. This will indicate that if higher grades are shifted upwards, the top grades will be decompressed-meaning that B will shift to   A+ then A++ then A+++ and the shift upward will follow this trend (Slavov, 2013).  This strategy makes the grade inflation to appear less problematic in that professor will understand the game and follow true grade inflation.

Coplin’s article contributes to possible solutions and asserts that in all courses, ‘A’ grade should not exceed 35% and the total number of students graduating with honors should not exceed 60%.  In addition, the article asserts that ‘normal curves’ is a strategic way of eradicating this problem following that the grades are normalized and data is distorted (Coplin Bill, 2004). In normal curve, the midpoint should be ‘C’ and this indicates that there will be no failing grades in low end curve or in the high end curve.The article point out that in grade inflation, students just focus on grade but the important thing to note is that grade is not important than skills and character. Therefore, students have a role in eradicating grade inflation. In order to succeed in career development and create outstanding life, they should strive to improve character and gain skills which they will apply in their life (Coplin Bill, 2004).  Other important point which the students should note is that the reports from employers stated that in the process of hiring college students, employers considers 20 factors and GPA is ranked as the 17^th factor. Thus, students should not concentrate much on GPA, but rather, they should create a strong vision and goal on achieving skills and quality character (Coplin Bill, 2004).  The article puts emphasis on the issue of skills and asserts that ‘soft skills’ such as oral communication and skills from personal experiences are very important in career development.

Shepard’s article raises an important point on ways of eliminating grade inflation and asserts that when grading, professors should use numerical grading system (Shepard, 2005).  This method is transparent in that students understand the grade level and performance measurement. In numerical grading, professor may use letter grades such as N for In Progress and which means that the student will receive a final grade after completion. I for Incomplete, S for Satisfactory grade NS for Not-Satisfactory grade and more (Shepard, 2005).

Conclusion

According to the articles, grade inflation is a hot issue in many colleges and researchers are trying to figure out the best ways which can be applied in grading process to ensure that the issue of grade inflation is dealt with.  The articles  share common ideas  and asserts that  grade inflation is not associated with benefits but rather it disrupts the education system as student are unable to put much effort on their courses thereby making the education to lose value. The article provides the best ways to curb the issue and also they point out that students should not concentrate on grades but also on skill as and character.

Reference

Shepard C. Alicia (2005). “A's for Everyone!”

Coplin Bill (2004). “Grade Inflation Works for Today’s Students”

Slavov Sita (2013). “How to Fix Grade Inflation”