Domestic terrorism refers to the act of committing violence within one’s own nation with an aim of bringing fear so as to sustain political strategies, social as well as religious ideas or ideological goals. Most of the attackers in US come from the major religious folks, white supremacists and military groups. For instance in the 1996 bombing of the Centennial Olympic Park in Atlanta which killed one and had 111 casualties. International terrorism on the other hand refers to the act of committing violence by foreign terrorists from other nations with an aim similar to that of the domestic terrorism (Levin 2006). Most of the global terrorism is against the U such as the al-Qaida terrorist attack that was committed in 2011. American response to these acts of terrorism both domestically as well as globally, imposes fear. These attacks as committed by the terrorists’ results to fear to go anywhere and especially in social gatherings. Most of the terror attacks in the US are committed by the differing citizens who support varying political as well as religious groups. There are numerous changes that can be changed in the next five years. One of the ways that this receptiveness can change is through the improvement of the counter terrorism system among all the states. Better and well advanced screening mechanisms ought to be used in all sectors such as in businesses, transport and even in churches.
These solutions would only be practical and successful if only all the citizens as well as the government work collectively. It is the role of each and every nation to collaborate globally so as to counter these terrorists attack. However, much training ought to be done to the citizens even as the strategies are enforced.
References
Levin, J., Eubank, W. L., & Weinberg, L. (2006). Domestic terrorism. New York: Chelsea House.
The article highlights the sentiments of Madeleine Albright, former Secretary of State, about the travel ban introduced by President Donald Trump against people from various Muslim countries. Madeleine asserts that America has been created by immigrants from other countries who form the largest population. The travel ban goes against the spirit of Liberty’s Statue that welcomes people with open arms. She argues that the travel ban has brought about more danger by making some countries not able to share cooperate with America through sharing of intelligence (Mahtani, 1). The ban that keeps refugees – from 7 predominantly Muslim countries - from immigrating into the country for 120 days has led to confusions at the airport for people with green cards. Alluding to US commitment to diversity, she says that the reasoning behind has no factual basis but is based on statements that makes no sense. She asserts that the administration should read the constitution rather than just placing blame on a whole religion (Mahtani, 1).
The article’s assertions are correct in light of the ban being illegal and unreasonable since banning people from countries associated with one religion does not help the interest of United States. Rather, the ban alienates US from the rest of the world including those countries that have been its partners whose population has helped in advancing the American Agenda. Placing blame on the entire religion for the security challenges is illogical and does not augur well with US long-term interest.
As an alternative to the travel ban, the administration should seek to apply intelligence services in selecting those individuals that are threat the US instead of blanking the whole population. The government should also seek the support of affected nations to weed out people who cannot be trusted.
I attended this event out of my desire to have a deeper knowledge on the conflict between United States and Iran after the 9/ attack. Such knowledge would provide a basis of understanding how this conflict shaped the politics and relations of the Middle East region. I found out about the event through a friend who had visited a site that provided tickets for the event. The purpose of this event was to feature a discussion by the author of the book, on the power struggle between these two countries, a war that has not been in the knowledge of the public (The Heritage Foundation, 2017). The author offered more information on the decade long battle and an Obama administration critique, on how a possibly disastrous and historic nuclear deal was negotiated. The audience at the event involved the willing members of the public who had to register to be admitted. The interesting part of this event is that it allowed the audience to ask questions during the discussion which open a way for us to gain more insight into this issue. A surprising thing about this piece is how the narrative involved following very secret negotiations that were pursued by Iran and Obama administration.
While participating in this event, I could not help think about how politics plays out without the knowledge of the public. The secrets involved in the various negotiations for political issues are must be well orchestrated by various government agents as seen in the meetings indicated to have been held in different countries. By going to this event I can now relate how to approach discussion on political matters. In the event, I met some journalists with deep experience on international politics that shared some information on the major issues, though I do not follow them up. After attending the event, I would recommend it to a classmate who is interested in getting first-hand information from authors.
U.S Planning Additional Sanctions Following Missile Test
The white house is anticipated to enforce additional sanctions on all the Iranian bodies under the current executive’s order that occurred before president Trump. The additional sanctions are based on Iran’s missile ballistics test. According to president Trump, it is the responsibility of the Iranian leaders to feel the pressure of ceasing to support destabilizing activities, which are a form of sponsorship groups in the continued ballistic missiles testing. This, therefore, necessitates the enforcement of the existing sanctions as well as the additional imposition of more approvals for the missile ballistic program is a necessity. Iran through its advisor has, however, responded by stating that the tests were defensive and there was no need of seeking approval.
In my opinion, I believe that the issue of ballistic missiles development and testing is a matter that concerns humankind. The existing measures are adequate and essential in governing all the destabilizing missiles activities and Iran should cooperate. The sanctions are not only focused on offering protection to the American citizens but those from Iran also and the surrounding states. Terrorism is currently classified as one of the primary security threat and therefore Iran should not be supporting terrorist groups by permitting the testing of missiles without approval from other sanctioning states.
The solution to the issue may be obtained from negotiation and not additional sanctions. Since Iran has failed to cooperate with the existing executive orders this implies that they will not be willing to obligate to the additional one. Talks would help in reaching an agreement since missiles testing is normally an issue of human security and therefore should not be handled with disagreement. An agreement would help in setting standards under which missiles should be tested without affecting stability and global security.
Work Cited
Labott, Elise.US planning additional sanctions on Iran following missile test. 2017. Retrieved from http://edition.cnn.com/2017/02/02/politics/us-planning-additional-sanctions-on-iran/index.html
It is unclear as to when the first Muslims landed in the land that would later become America. However, the only thing that is particularly clear is that first actual Muslim wave in American was made up of the African slaves (Curtis, 24). The will to maintain their religion and culture was characterized by many difficulties and this would lead to the conversion to Christianity. The efforts of practicing as well as maintaining traditional conducts were accomplished secretly. This was the tendency until the early section of the 20th century when revolution and enlightenment had been achieved in the society. Islam as per the current state is considered to be the fastest growing religion globally and particularly in America. America as always been full of prejudices against Muslims and this has risen in the recent past. However, this has not altered the association between American Muslim and the American state (Curtis, 21). This paper will, therefore, seek to establish what America has meant for the American Muslims since the 19th century and how they have embraced it.
From 1800 up to date, America has been a home to the Muslim Americans. This is not simply because it has offered them a place to stay but has also offered them opportunities to grow and practice what they believe in. Muslims in the American soil makes up less that just a percent of the American adult populace. From the 19th century, Muslim Americans have continuously acquired opportunities ranging from economic to academic in America (Curtis, 14). This has therefore provided them with opportunities to develop and equate themselves with others. The fact that America has provided them with opportunities to enroll in school means so much to them. Through education has of great essence in the development of awareness of social, economic as well as political matters (Curtis, 24).
Muslims American normally lives in a society that is characterized by pluralistic religions and thus it is evident that they are slightly different from pure Muslims. Muslims Americans highly associate with non-Muslims who most likely have no restrictive or conservative cultures and religions (Curtis, 11). America in this sense has offered the American Muslims with a sense of life. It has been a place that has offered them employment opportunities. This has thus led to them living in more improved standards since the families have access to the basic needs and services. Most of the Americans Muslims are even more educated that the Americans. America to the Muslims Americans has been an opportunity of attaining growth at the highest level. Muslims Americans believe in the ability of America and based on the recent account they hold less negative view against the nation (Curtis, 30).
Americans Muslims have highly contributed to the American society since the 19th century up to date. Normally Muslims in America as considered being unfriendly but to most individuals this is untrue. Islam religion is considered as a threat to security based on the different suicidal missions that individuals from the group have engaged in (Curtis, 12). However, it is factual that most Americans Muslims loves helping Americans since they belong to the same society and nation. For them, therefore, they would not be engaged in activities which are mostly likely capable of destruction since their wellness will also be destroyed. American has been a form of rescue for the Americans Muslims since they have been rescued from poverty and illiterate state. Education and employment opportunities are the primary benefits that they have acquired from America. Even more, the land gives them the freedom of exercising their beliefs as well culture without restriction as that is considered as the like of every individual in general (Curtis, 24).
However, Americans Muslims experiences prejudices stereotypes in natures that are myriad. Most of the individuals have highly been subjected to employment, housing discriminations as well as attacks. The American society is thus determined in fighting against the stereotypes as they are dangerous based on their destructive impacts. There are several organizations for the Americans Muslims that are particular amid at offering resources to provide education to the media as well as the general public of what Islam is as well as promoting individuals to speak against discrimination (Curtis, 12). The American Muslims believes that America is great nations and the issues that they normally face like prejudices are mainly influenced by cultural differences.
America can be described to as the home to the most diverse Muslim populace in the world today. This includes individuals of almost all ethnicity, nation and school of ideas. Despite the fact that the Muslim Americans are seen as immigrants, the recent demographics state a different occurrence. Particularly more than a third of the entire populace is for the African American persons. It is challenging to establish the accurate number of Americans Muslims in the United States but the approximation is slightly amid three and six million people. Approximately half of the particular populace was born in America. The percentage is one that is growing continuously because the immigration rate is slowing and individuals are starting to build families. Like all others, most of the Muslims migrated to America in search of democratic freedom and economic changes (Curtis, 16). American Muslims in the society today are characterized as middle class and they are also an integral section of the American society.
Most Americans Muslims are engaged civically in the American society as they work with those that are close to developing the communities. Muslims are highly presented in different Americans walks of life and despite the fact that they only make up less than a percent of the entire populace in America most Americans are fully aware of several individuals who are particularly famous (Curtis, 18). The American state has not been mean towards the efforts of the Muslims Americans as several individuals such as Hamdani Salman have been honored for their services. American Muslims participates heavily in all aspects of the civic life in America. For instance, in exclusion of those that plays part in white color professions, they also play part in community centers voluntary, schools board’s members, and clubs members and also engage in civic roles. Similarly to other religious communities Americans Muslims have developed their individual institutions in America. These institutions are heavily involved in charitable offering, healthcare services, politics, media and civic engagement (Curtis, 26). In short, the American Muslims are part of the public life in America and their contributions cannot be unrated.
Islam is not a religious tradition because it fully adheres which is referred to as Muslim. It is no doubt that Americans Muslims are similar to other religious teams that particularly take part in the political life in America. The voting pattern of Americans Muslims is a general mirror of the entire American populace. Americans Muslims in general play part in democrats, republican, conservatives, and liberals. For those that engage in the Islamic religion, there is absolutely no political platform for that governing them in America (Curtis, 31).
The United States Muslims have always been in agreement that America is a part of them. This has been depicted by their continuous participation in civic roles and development of communities. This, therefore, shows the manner in which the American Muslims have accepted America in general (Curtis, 32). The ongoing persistent though that the Muslims in the United States can never be more unreliable and inaccurate. In factual sense, more than 81percent of the Americans Muslims who are children or adults immigrants are termed to be the most involved persons in religious and liberal tolerance in the world today and they are sustaining the position as per years. The Muslims Americans have assimilated culturally through the American modernization trend. In a large extent, it is expressed that the Muslims are highly losing their faith cultural expressions in America. The fact that the most Muslims in America are willing to depart to their strict religious laws shows the highest extent of liberalism. Americans Muslims are highly adopting the social norms in America and this demonstrates the high extent to which Muslims are against ideologically radicalized groups such as ISIS and Al-Qaida. Being patriotic individuals is one of the measures that clearly demonstrate the extent to which the American Muslims have accepted America in general. American Muslims are highly tolerated to the economic, social and political roles of the American citizens.
The Muslim Americans, in general, do not define the American ideals as all positive. This is influenced highly by prevailing discrimination and prejudice stereotype against the Muslim group. The Muslims Americans are highly considered as a threat and particularly in the recent years (Curtis, 44). This has been influenced by the rising terror attacks that are mainly conducted by persons from the Islamic religion. This paints a negative picture towards the particular group despite their continuous commitment. It is highly admitted that the illegal Muslims immigrants are the once associated with the negative behaviors since the Americans Muslims are true to the policies and practices of America. America to the Muslims American is a form of refuge that offers them the democratic freedom that they were highly denied by their native states. American Muslims are individuals who hold an optimistic view in regard to life in America and they desire that they would be incorporated into the main source of the state.
The recent studies have established that American Muslims or the Muslims immigrants are among the most efficient individuals in the integration into the American society. In terms of the economy, the Muslim community in America is considered to be the richest in the world. This demonstrates their high participation in the economic world. It is reported that 45 percent of their populace generates at least 30,000 dollars every year, which is a higher share than the 36 percent of the entire American populace. As compared to the entire state’s population that are reported to be highly involved in self-employments and business in a higher state. The Muslims Americans women’s stands among the most educated persons in the nation. More than 29% of the population has at least a single college degree. More and more Muslims Americans are currently reported to be participating actively in politics. This is the way that they have defined the state’s politics by taking a role in it (Curtis, 64). This can additionally be seen from the manner in which they participate equally with the other population in politics. Civic participation is an individual right and the participation of most Muslims Americans in political activities demonstrates their willingness to ensure that the society develops fully.
The Muslims Americans have willingly accepted and blended with the Americans culture. Despite the fact that the culture in the state is described to be loose in terms of morals, religion and cultural restriction the American Muslims relates well with it (Curtis, 76). This is seen with their engagement with the people in ensuring that development is achieved in the American communities. The American people are considered by the particular group as friendly and accommodating. Even with the rise of terrorism which has changed the perception of most individuals towards Islamic religion, the American people have not lost their faith in the Muslims Americans (Curtis, 92). This is simply because they consider themselves as part of America and they offer much development contributions.
The only thing that correctly fits facts is that Islamic religion and the Muslims Americans poses no threat. This is because the Muslim Americans adherents enjoy a prosperity modicum in the American society that is pluralistic and holds decent governance. This simply means that being Muslim Americans is not an issue as they are not among the factors that fuel Islamic attacks. The Muslims Americans can be considered to be more of American than Muslim since they have highly accepted the societal norms in the state (Curtis, 111).
Muslim Americans are similar to other American groups. On the average level, Muslim Americans lean to be more educated, fluent in English and politically conscious. This particular group shares common features with the entire populace in the United States in regard to income, employment and education. An equal match is directed to the religious and political perspective. They highly respect policies and American policies as they are additionally governed by them. Importantly, being a Muslim American is not the necessary aspect in consideration of their political views (Curtis, 120). For example, the majority of the Muslim Americans are in opposition to gay marriage and they are highly in favor of an increment of federal funds for the individuals in need. Muslims Americans are considered to be a bit high in conservation that the entire public in America in regard to matters such as abortion as they oppose with more than half the percent as compared to the other groups. However, in regard to foreign policy, this is one of the particular areas where the Muslims are not fully committed to with the rest of the public.
Muslim Americans have highly been against the American prejudice against them by considering the Muslim as a threat. The Islamic religion is just like any other and therefore the Muslims should not be judged as equals (Curtis, 124). The fact that they are Muslims does not state that they have equal attitudes, values, and objectives but it requires people to be good to recognize and appreciate their contributions.
The Muslim Americans have challenged America by proving to be the best among the other groups situated in the country in terms of developments and contributions. The Muslims Americans have benefited more from the American system of education. The attained skills, as well as experience, are thus being utilized in ensuring that the communities are a better place to exist in (Curtis, 81). In addition, they have constantly fought misconceptions and the negative stereotypes that are held by the American persons against them. It is currently accepted socially in America to hold or state that Muslims individuals are a major threat to security. However, the Muslims Americans have challenged the state by attempting to handle the national challenge in a democratic form. They have not been involved in destructive riots to fight for what they believe in but instead, they are trying to educate the public about themselves and their religion. This is aimed at developing more understanding of Muslims and what they believe in to eradicate misconceptions in the society against the Muslim Americans.
The Muslim Americans are more firms as compared to other minor groups in the American society. Most of the minority groups have fully or almost completely assimilated into the American societal culture. However, for the Muslim Americans, this has not been the case. The Muslim Americans have accepted the social, economic and political norms in America but their culture and religion beliefs have not been lost. Muslims are known to be one of the ethnic groups with strict and traditionally grounded culture. Despite being a minority group in the United States their practices and beliefs have been maintained even when oppression was subjected to them in the previous centuries (Curtis, 172). This too many is considered as a form of rejection to what is being provided by the state. However, the ethnic group holds strong grounds on what they value and there it might time more time in achieving assimilation.
Conclusion
In summing up, the presence of Muslim Americans in the United States can never be ignored. Muslim Americans have highly integrated into the social, political and economic standards in the state. This is a form of a positive acceptance of America as their home. The Muslim Americans like any other group that has been offered democratic freedom and accommodation are America has utilized its opportunities adequately. Despite the rising prejudices against the Muslim community, the Muslim Americans hold positive regards towards the American culture, people, politics, economy and the social status. This is evident in the manner in which they participate in economic, political and social development activities. They exercise their democratic right through voting and political contributions. The ability of the Muslim Americans to strive despite the existing challenges should be utilized as their definition factor and not describe them based on the conduct of their religion or ethnic group. America to the Muslim American is their home and they say that America to them is a pleasant place.
Work Cited
Curtis, Edward E. The Columbia Sourcebook of Muslims in the United States. New York: Columbia University Press, 2009. Print.
Process and Politics of Public Sector Collective Bargaining
Contract negotiations involve two teams that should be sufficiently prepared for negotiations. This involves the employer and the employee leaders who have proposals, counterproposals, and agreements among other useful information that should be useful during the process of negotiating. Final settlements are put down in writing as well as the financial cost which is the signed by the party leaders. 70 employees of out of 75 are members BSD of a bargaining unit of Sanitation Workers of America who have been receiving competitive pay and benefits. However, after the Supreme Court ruling, public employees have a legal right to strike a factor that has changed the labor unions negotiation basis (Kearney & Mareschal, 2014).
The most significant role of the management is to ensure that cost is minimized while the quality output is achieved. This means that they go for the minimum wage that they pay their employees and ensures that they are productivity in order to increase the organization profits. The Human Resource Manager is an advocate of progressive personnel practices though they oppose an increase in leave and sick benefits in order to minimize cost (Holley, Wolters & Ross, 2016). Despite their role, they are greatly concerned with the employee’s welfare in relation to health care. On the other hand labor unions ensure that the employees are paid competitively. This ensures that the every employee should have other benefits that ensure that they are well taken care of as well as motivated in the changing economy. The process of collective bargaining involves different roles such as drafting the agreement between the employer and the labor union. This role is significant as relationships are strengthened and employees are kept satisfied (Holley, Wolters & Ross, 2016).
Reference
Holley, W. H., Wolters, R. S., & Ross, W. (2016). The labor relations process. Boston, MA : Cengage Learning
Kearney, R. C. & Mareschal, P. M. (2014). Labor Relations In The Public Sector, Fifth Edition. CRC Press
Chelsea Manning should not be victimized by governmental discrimination given her unique choice of self-identification
Chelsea Manning , who is a former united states army analyst of intelligence was primarily responsible for one of the major classified information leaks in the united states history. He represents a very high sentence of thirty five full years for serving as a traitor of the American army. Chelsea Manning should however not be victimized by the discrimination governmental based on her unique option of self identification. It is everyone’s human right to stand for what they believe in based on self expression freedom (Steinhardt, Hoffman, & Camponovo, 2009). Her gender choice should therefore not be utilized in wrong treatment rather she should be punished for leaking confidential information without a counting on her gender. As a transgender Chelsea Manning has conquered so much hardships which includes the lack of treatment for hormones as a transgender. Manning has received adequate torture by being sent to an all male sentencing facility. To add to the discrimination the facility denied Chelsea treatment for her dsyphoria gender despite being diagnosed by the military doctors back in 2010.
Chelsea Manning should not be victimized for opting on her unique self identity as this is a compromise of humanity. This means that through victimizing her based on her gender choice her life is particularly being endangered. Chelsea has the right to access health care. Manning is human and defenseless to discrimination and thus her choice on her unique gender as a former intelligence analyst in the American a army should be respected. One’s ender identity cannot be utilized to fight against them as that is everyone’s constitutional right that should never be restricted (Steinhardt, Hoffman, & Camponovo, 2009).
Discrimination as well as violence and particularly sexual violence that is subjected against transgender females can be described as negative in a disproportionately manner. This means that gender expression should be equally distributed among all individuals in regard on the crime committed against the state (Steinhardt, Hoffman, & Camponovo, 2009). Hormone therapy for the transgender inmates is termed to be a legitimate form of medical treatment. Manning should therefore not be subjected to unusual and cruel punishments. The governmental discrimination should therefore not victimize Chelsea Manning for her unique gender option and should help her in pursuing appropriate and lawful treatment and healthcare. In general incarcerated and imprisoned individuals only hold the constitutional right in accessing treatment that is aimed at preventing the occurrence of deterioration (Steinhardt, Hoffman, & Camponovo, 2009). This means that if Manning demonstrates deterioration without being offered hormonal treatment she is expected to receive adequate medical acre as well as proper treatment.
Manning’s choice of unique gender is not different from the choices that are made by other individuals based on their constitutional rights. Gender dysphoria is similar to other illnesses and therefore lack of appropriate treatment is a violation of the established care standards as well as the obvious constitutional prescriptions that are done against deliberate indifferences to treatment and serious medical needs that should be offered t individuals held under the government custody. When one is held under the governmental custody discrimination based on some constitutional choices should never be an option (Steinhardt, Hoffman, & Camponovo, 2009). The governmental discrimination should therefore not victimize Manning based on her gender choice as it is their duty to offer her the necessary treatment. In addition this should not be utilized as a measure of the treatment she receives as this were not her sentence charges. Manning is entitled to proper treatment because that is her constitutional right and her decision cannot be questioned as stated by the legal laws.
Reference
Steinhardt, R. G., Hoffman, P., & Camponovo, C. N. (2009). International human rights lawyering: Cases and materials. St. Paul, MN: West.
Both China and U.S justice system are strong in that they have a court system and organizations based on police enforcement and correctional facilities which play a great role in preventing the proliferation of crime. Other point is that the justice system has a strong defense in terms of power and money and thus the justice system is able to gather evidence and enforce law (Dammer & Albanese, 2014). However, the two countries differ in terms of their weakness in that in China, there is no independent judiciary and this imposes many challenges since officials are controlled by impunity. Second, the justice system is controlled by communist party and thus there are problems when it comes to the implementation of law (Dammer & Albanese, 2014). On the other hand, U.S weaknesses are apparent in socioeconomic status. Poor people in U.S justice system are biased and they are given longer prison sentences than White-collar crimes. Second, there is a racial bias where nonwhite defendants face racial profiling, discriminatory sentencing and unfair police targeting (Dammer & Albanese, 2014).
Both countries can eliminate the weakness through implementing some important measures. First, China should create the rule of law in order to have constitutionalism, democracy and freedom. U.S justice system should focus on leadership development and at this point, judges should think of cultural competency training and cultural law traditions (Dammer & Albanese, 2014).
If I were a political leader in my community, I would reduce crime through implementing rehabilitation. This method will not only reduce the higher rate of incapacitation but it will also change the offender behavior and prevent illegal behaviors (Dammer & Albanese, 2014). Since many offender commit crime due to mental problems, the method will help in understanding the root cause of illegal acts and offer a therapeutic treatment which will reduce the criminal behaviors.
Reference
Dammer, H. R., & Albanese, J. S. (2014). Comparative criminal justice systems.
Between 1877- 1901 during Gilded Age there was political corruption as there were numerous cases of political scandals that claimed the politicians of the time. The city politics were ruled by corrupt machines which can be compared to the New York’s Tammany. During this time there was a Credit Mobilier scandal that claimed Schuyler Colfax who was a vice president. The two dominant political parties were the Republican and the Democrats while the rest were considered to be small parties like the Populists. There was intense competition between the two parties and much demographic change was witnessed. The presidency was corrupt and nothing much can be remembered. The presidents included Hayes, Garfield, Arthur, Cleveland, and Harrison.
Different political systems and ideologies define the political climate of any given country. With hostile political climates, there is a great threat of doing business in the country despite the numerous opportunities for the MNCs (Luthans & Doh, 2012). With peaceful political systems MNCs have a better ground for conducting business in different countries. The governments of Russia and China have control over many industries compared to EU which is a high risk towards MNCs. The EU has challenges of fluctuating currency which is a risk to the MNC
Q2
Privatization of assets is as a result of finding a viable solution to state-owned assets that have been characterized with poor performance significantly high costs. The SOEs have excessive spending and the power to run them is invested in a few politicians whose interest is to gain support from labor unions and workers in order to be reelected resulting to misuse, misguide and unfair distribution of resources (Luthans & Doh, 2012).
Pros of FDI
It creates a competitive advantage for the business
It offsets volatility
It raises the standards of living
Cons
There can be comparative advantage of there is much of foreign ownership
Business can be stripped of its value by the foreign investors making it unprofitable.
Q3
It can be learned that corruption has a severe effect on the economy as it hinders proper growth. When doing business in the US it is important to note the heavy penalty that can be fined (Luthans & Doh, 2012). Direct effects of corruption include slow economy while the indirect is that there is a relationship between corruption and the rate of growth in the country. An official should report the matter of the bribery and further investigations should be made
Q4
It is arguably true to say by getting involved in social responsibility by MNCs is both a sense of social responsibility as well as good business. They encourage environment-friendly practices to the community creating a gain of trust from the community which is a good business tactic.
Q5
Culture can be said to be the art of manifestation which is based on characteristics and knowledge of a given group of people which can be defined by race, language, and religion. An attitude such as centralized and decentralized decision making can be used to differentiate. Some organization structure requires the top management to make all the important decisions while in others all levels from the bottom to the highest are involved (Luthans & Doh, 2012). Attitudes vary in the US, Germany and even Japan resulting to different management. It is true to say that management style differs in that US has a decentralized approach, Japan a group oriented and Germany exercise a bureaucratic one.
Q6
Value can be considered to be something of importance, usefulness or worth. There are cultural differences in the world that differ from each other. Values do not easily change and they are known to promote harmony, individuality as well as consensus. Value has a direct connection with culture as it defines it (Luthans & Doh, 2012).
Q7
They include collective dimension, eating behaviors as well as dressing. Indian and China deeply culture in their food and dressing that greatly differ from that of America. America has an individualistic dimension while India and China have a collection one. America eating habits vary from others as they are not deeply cultured as they continue to evolve with time (Luthans & Doh, 2012).
Q8
Mexico
Multinational are interested in setting up operation in Mexico is that there is a productive workforce which will result in high-quality goods and second the economy is full of potential and it is growing.
Culture can be considered to be a key due to its sensitivity. Being new in Mexico, US can be considered to have a fewer problem compared to Europeans and worse for Japanese. The difference between the concept of time between Mexican and American can be a major hesitant block (Luthans & Doh, 2012).
It is important to study the cultural difference as it would help in identifying the differences and have a way of solving and addressing them so that they may not be a hindrance to the company operations. It will create a ground of understanding what the Mexicans are accustomed to creating a conducive environment (Luthans & Doh, 2012).
Q9
The US is more comfortable with the guided missile form of organizational culture. On the other hand, Japan feels comfortable with a family structure due to the value the place in relationships as their interest does not lay into seeking power (Luthans & Doh, 2012). It is important to understand organization culture as it is significant to the working formula that can best fit them creating a chance for the business to survive.
Q10
Negotiation is an important aspect as it will involve bargaining with the other potential partner in order to arrive at an agreement. The steps include planning, development of an interpersonal relationship, and exchange of information, persuasion and agreement. Negotiation should be done by the group as objectives will be identified. All the steps are done with all the sides being present as they will attain their goals.
Q11
China
The Chinese economy can be said that it will continue to grow a factor attributed to advanced technology and high levels of education. However, this can hurt the prospect by the through the continued attempt by the government of integrating socialist views, corruption, counterfeiting and well as the violation of human rights (Luthans & Doh, 2012).
This is because the trend is changing and there is also outsourcing by other companies. The issue of wage differentials may also disappear with time due to the changing human demands.
Contextual, indirect, and succinct are some of the effective approaches that should be used by the MNCs (Luthans & Doh, 2012). This will form a better understanding of the Chinese workers and the management through negotiations that will the works motivated and high productivity will be experienced resulting to quality goods which in return will yield great profits for the MNSCs.
Reference
Luthans, F., & Doh, J. P. (2012). International Management: Culture, Strategy and Behavior, Eight Editions. McGraw-Hill
Based on the recent presidential election that led to the win of Donald Trump it is clear that one of the problem objectives of Trump is to reduce illegal immigration rate in the United States. Trump is objected at accomplishing this purpose by building a wall on the Mexican border (Jenkins, 2016). Trump highly supports the development of a wall that will cost multi millions of the American dollars characterized by several borders. This is mainly because he feels that the United States borders have not been adequately respected and protected. This is very true since the United States holds million of illegal foreign immigrants (Jenkins, 2016). The society is currently full of responsible debates on how the issue should be handled without a doubt the inflow of foreign illegal immigrants should be addressed.
Based on the recent data flow conducted by the FBI in America it is clear that terrorists sneaks in via Mexico. The current administration is not working on the issue mainly because there are no adequate policies of regulations to handle the matter adequately (Jenkins, 2016). Trump is objected at the enforcement of strict foreign laws based on the issue of immigration as well as secures a wall on the particular region which seems to be open for terrorists to come in. In addition this according to Trump will save the American tax payers much money since the money utilized in fighting terrorism and drugs issue will be reduced drastically. Furthermore Trump hopes that the Mexican government will pay for the cost utilized in building the southern wall (Mullany, 2015).
I believe that the problem of illegal immigration requires a policy transformation. This is because the existing policies are not the best. The policy should be made in order to ensure that better relations are built between states. This will work to ensure that the movement of individual into the nation is legal thus assist in better governance of activities. The policy also needs to be changed because it has yielded fewer benefits to the society and has not accomplished its purpose as expected. The primary causes of the immigration issue is poor relations by states as well as inadequate law measures to handle the issue (Mullany, 2015). With poor relations between nations legal migration becomes an issue and thus individuals opt to migrate illegally. Lack of employment is an additional issue that has led to the rise of drug trafficking which is conducted mostly by illegal migrants. This therefore becomes hard for terrorism to be handled since the population getting into the nation is not managed properly (Mullany, 2015).
The government and the community in general can handle the issue through the development of better relations and development of more legal migration avenues. Increasing chances for legal migration will create more employment opportunities and protection into the citizens. The stereotype of migrants being considered as criminals should be dispelled through the establishment of the actual causes of terror and drug related issues (Mullany, 2015). The government is expected to take the actual lead in the implementation of crucial procedures. This is through the implementation of public education as well as the creation of programs that offers information to the general public in regard to the matter. The government must also take action through utilization of political power to create better relations among individuals living in the American society. The society on the other hand must be ready to accept changes through associating well with immigrants without being stereotyped. The business world on the other hand can offer employment chances to immigrants which will reduce the probability of engaging in illegal conduct (Mullany, 2015).
Reference
Holman W. Jenkins. (2016). Trump Declares War on Mexico. Retrieved from http://www.wsj.com/articles/trump-declares-war-on-mexico-1462314185
Mullany, G. (2015). Donald Trump on the Issues. Retrieved from https://www.nytimes.com/2015/06/17/us/politics/donald-trump-on-the-issues.html?_r=0
The United States of America has been restricting an efficient policy making on immigration over a decade and the influence of this in the recent past has increased owing to the progressive evolution in the media business. The deeply embedded processes in the American journalism have established a narrative that causes the public to relate immigration with the misdemeanor, crisis, disagreement as well as government failure (Akdenizli, Dionne & Suro 2008). In the meantime, new voices in journalism of support on the media landscape have thrived in assembling segments of the citizens in the antagonism to the policy initiatives and sometimes through the overstatement of the narrative of immigration as told by the traditional news companies. Therefore, immigration in the United States is a problem that has a polarizing implication of politics at the state’s and local level (Akdenizli, Dionne & Suro 2008). The various reports by the media shape the public perceptions on immigration and also influence the public policy that is established by immigrants and the immigration process. This paper, therefore, will base its argument on the reason as to why the media fails to emphasize the difficulties of the American citizens in relation to the immigrants because of their geographical proximity. The paper will also discuss on how the description of immigrants and the policies of immigration by the media influences the perceptions of the people on the issue. The paper will finally discuss how the choices of words and images that the media uses to illustrate the immigrants have a negative implication on immigrants.
The media fails to emphasize the difficulties of the American citizens in relation to the immigrants because of their geographical proximity.
Geographical extent determines the kind of information that is covered in the media. The media mostly covers stories and news that occurs within a community and not those occurring far away. Therefore the media often emphasizes on the news coverage of the immigrants near the borders and not far away from the borders (Soderlund 2007). As a result of the geographic extent hindering the coverage of the immigrants to geographic distances far from the border, the American citizens within the center continues to suffer from employment pressure as well as unemployment cases due to the deprivation of their economic opportunities by the immigrants (Branton& Dunaway, 2009). It is thus clear that the American citizens who are far away from the border are widely affected by the immigrants and they continue to suffer silently as their sufferings are not covered by the media. The media only concentrates more on the borders hence the coverage on the media is on the immigration issues at the geographical border.
The description of immigrants and the policies of immigration by the media influence the perceptions of the people on the immigration issue.
The media is a strong influential tool since it offers the citizens crucial and sensitive information that changes or even builds up the citizens’ perception on immigration and immigrants. The most important thing to understand is that the way in which the information is transferred by the media onto the citizens is essential as it determines how the viewers from their different viewpoints about the different issues. This influences the American’s support or non-support of the immigration policies and their perception in relation to the immigrant’s education, ethnicity, identity, and ideology. The way the citizens view the immigration, influences the policymaking process and decisions by law (Branton& Dunaway, 2009).
Most of the people in the communities associate illegal migration with a misdemeanor, human smuggling, drugs as well as trespassing. News that are covered on immigrants as the ones that are purportedly taking over the American employments paints the immigrants as people who are hungry for power hence building up a negative perception about them. They are also described as those causing a rise in the tension of the economy. This, therefore, results in a higher rate of competition for jobs and thus crowding effect in the local facilities (Soderlund 2007). This, therefore, results in a poor perception of the immigrants and thus influences the immigration rules on immigration. However, it is clear that the media is taking lightly the issue of immigrants as they do not want to show that it is an issue in the United States as most of the companies take advantage of the illegal immigrants and employ them at a lesser salary than the American employees.
The choices of words and images that the media uses to illustrate the immigrants have a negativeimplication on immigrants.
The style, words, and images that the media uses determine the persuasiveness of the media in portraying and reporting of the immigration policy. In most cases, the journalists usually use images and words that tend o have an emotional effect as it is regarded as more persuasive. Different words evoke varying emotions and the choice of some of these words determines the way in which the viewer will understand the facts of immigration-related news. Some of these words such as the use of the undocumented employee relay a negative image of the immigrant as it indicates that the employee is illegal which means he is a criminal. Other words such as, an alien to refer to an immigrant portrays an image of not belonging there which is rather hostile and unethical word to use (Branton& Dunaway, 2009).
The immigrants face a lot of suffering as they stay in those countries that they migrate into especially to those who lack the documented papers. The media, therefore, profiles them as undocumented in relation to the laws that are made against the immigrants. The media, therefore, covers the immigrants’ problems by use of harsh words that poses a hostile emotion especially when they do not have the documentation (Valentino, Brader & Jardina 2013). It is thus clear to state that the media is in one way responsible for the negative connotation of the public due to the wrong choice of words and images while covering news or stories of immigrants or the immigration policies.
Conclusion
The media is taking part in and will continue taking part in the most important responsibility of shaping the current and the future of the immigrants, the immigration process as well as the immigration policy since it has a central role in persuading the citizens through their coverage. Thus they have a responsibility to the citizens to report to them facts and therefore they must be conscious of their potential to shape their viewer's judgment and attitudes about the laws on immigration.
Reference
Akdenizli B, Dionne, E.J & Suro R (2008). Democracy In The Age Of New Media: A Report On The Media And The Immigration Debate, Brookings Institution retrieved from:
Branton, R. P., & Dunaway, J. (2009). Spatial proximity to the U.S.-mexico border and newspaper coverage of immigration issues. Political Research Quarterly, 62(2), 289-302. Retrieved from http://libproxy.sdsu.edu/login?url=http:// search.proquest.com.libproxy.sdsu.edu/docview/215329316?accountid=13758
Soderlund, M. (2007). THE ROLE OF NEWS MEDIA IN SHAPING AND TRANSFORMING THE PUBLIC PERCEPTION OF MEXICAN IMMIGRATION AND THE LAWS INVOLVED. Law & Psychology Review, 31, 167-177. Retrieved from http:// libproxy.sdsu.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com.libproxy.sdsu.edu/docview/ 229340527?accountid=13758
Valentino, N. A., Brader, T., & Jardina, A. E. (2013). Immigration opposition among U.S. whites: General ethnocentrism or media priming of attitudes about latinos? Political Psychology, 34(2), 149-166. doi:http://dx.doi.org.libproxy.sdsu.edu/10.1111/j.1467-9221.2012.00928.x
The al-Qaida terrorists attack on the World Trade Center had a wide ranging impact on the political, economic, environmental and social impact across the globe, in addition to the toll on human life. The shock was more felt in the United States, and across the globe, the impact rumbled as massive mobilization of the military and hasty condemnation of the attack rose. Diplomatic coalitions were form against terrorism. The attack also dealt a big blow to the world economy which saw some companies collapse, airline go out of business and job losses.
The new technology that allowed high speed communication allowed many people in the world to follow the terrible events as they were unfolding. The attack showed clearly that no country can withdraw from the world, not even a powerful country like the United States. The devastation in New York was seen by many US allies as an attack on capitalism and democracy and governments such as British offered military support for military campaign against the terrorist in Afghanistan. The political outcome involved active military actions as the United States joined hands with other allays and viciously attacked the various terrorist groups including al-Qaida and (Taliban, Brian, Godges, & Dobbins,42). There was ushering in of new generation of policies such as USA Patriot Act, whose priorities was placed on national defense and security even at the expense of civil liberties (Kashan, 87). Such changes had ripple effects in the world, especially in Middle East where military operations led to increased rebellions and perpetual warfare in the region. The involvement of the US military in Afghanistan became a long-running war with more troops being left behind even after the combat operations ended. In addition, countries across the groups became wearier of terrorist attacks and separate stiff security measures were put in place in an attempt to avert or prevent terrorist activities. In addition, the attacks led to a lot of anti-Islam sentiments in the world with countries such as Israel feeling vindicated for its long-running opposition to the neighboring governments and Islamic organizations (Taliban, et.al 85). The event sent shock waves to the world economy leaving behind an era of synchronized global recession. A chilling and swift impact was witnessed on the economic activity and for some days New York Stock Exchange ceased operating, international airlines flights to the United States were cancelled (Chernick,4).
The aftermath of the event saw the Bush Administration, which had tended to favor isolationist view, declared war on the terrorist and terrorism activities with the principle purpose of bring the perpetrators in form of al-Qaida’s Osama bin Laden to book and avert the emergency and growth of terrorist groups and attacks (Kashan, 87). President George W. Bush delivered a televised speech from Oval Office and declared that a distinction would not be made between the terrorist responsible for the atrocities and those who gave them safe refuge (The Guardian, 1). In addition the administration in 2002 formed the Department of Homeland Security an office of cabinet-level, though the merging of 22 agencies if the government. The U.S Customs Services and the Immigration and Naturalization Services were merged in the newly created U.S Immigration and Customs Enforcement. This was massive deportation overseen by the agency after the 9/11 events. The administration also invoked the attack as the reason behind the initiation of secret operation by the National Security Agency with an aim of eavesdropping on communication done using telephone and e-mails by the United States with people in foreign lands with no warrant (Kashan, 88). These efforts were aimed at identifying terror suspects and were mostly targeting individuals from the Asian Muslim countries such as Iraq, Iran and Saudi Arabia. The administration had resolved to such for evidence of any association of residents in the United States and the terrorist factions in the rest of the world so as to apprehend them before they could carry out such atrocities. The members of the al-Qaida were the main target of the high security programs implemented the administration. On the other hand, the president paid a visit to the Islamic Center of Washington and requested the Americans to view Muslims in the country as just American patriots. The reason was that al-Qaida was not fighting for Islam, given the other countries where terrorist had carried out such attacks across the globe. A Guantanamo Bay detention camp was opened in Cuba by the administration where suspected terrorist were sent (Taliban, et.al 82).
The war on terrorism involved military action, increased security measures and international cooperation on similar minded states. The military action consisted of sending troops to flash out and disintegrate terror groups such as the al-Qaida and the overthrowing of the Taliban led Afghanistan government. To accomplish these, the Bush Administration had to seek support from the American which was granted hence set up the beginning of a long-running counter-terrorism campaign in the Asian Middle East region (Taliban, et.al 82). The war on terror also involved increased security measures implemented at the airport which involved frisking and thorough identity recognition. These efforts were made possible by the implementation of various policies or laws such as the USA Patriotic Act and the Homeland Security Act passed by Congress in 2002. Special regulations were also adopted such as the requirement to register with Immigration and Naturalization Service with an aim of identifying the foreigners in the country. The war also involved new security procedures and the management of screening checkpoints at all commercial airports in the country (Johnson &Trujillo, 15).
Domestically, the terrorist attacks impact was more pronounced than globally. The attack the implementation of new policies and laws with the purpose of prioritizing national security and sometimes at eh expense of civil rights. The attack had major economic effects as all the commercial airplanes remained grounded for two days, together with the New York Stock Exchange (Chernick, 3). The changes on the security and national defense were more intense. The budgets for the agencies related to the defense were massively increased in 2002 enhance on their performances. The security measures involved the overhaul of registration of immigrants especially those who had been imprisoned. There was also improvement of U.S intelligence efforts, which saw significant increase in oversight by the government through web and phone surveillance (Johnson &Trujillo,17). Social impact was more pronounced in New York City, the center of these happenings. These involved trauma or collective trauma which was evident in the way the community responded to this event. The toll on people lives and scene of individuals such as firefighters and military dying had horrific psychological impacts.
Works cited
Chernick, Howard. Resilient City: The Economic Impact of 9/11. , 2005. Internet resource.2-4
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