Charter schools

1. How many Charter Schools are in operation? 

Charter schools are those public schools which are included in Florida’s program in the public education. There are more than seventy charter schools around this district and of which fifty of them are sponsored by a single public school also in the district. The various charter departments provide services such as financial assistance, academic needs, and the operational guidance to all these charter schools from around Florida (Betts and Hill, 2010).

1. What is the total school enrollment of the charter schools in the district? What percent of the school district’s enrollment is the charter school enrollment?

According to a survey done on all the enrolment programs around the district, there is a variable number in terms of student enrollment around the district. Total enrollment around the district is slightly higher than one hundred and ninety thousands (190,000) in numbers as of the year 2015. This is significantly higher since the district education officials estimated student enrollment to be around nine hundred and ninety-five thousand (195,000). It is a significantly large number compared to the cost of living around the area giving individuals less morale to visit schools (Schneider, 2016). The higher number of students enrolled in the school could be greatly inclined to the principles outlined for the charter schools which create a habitable environment for individual learning and cohesiveness. The charter schools align the responsibility with the accountability thereby enhancing the academic success of the students, and they also provide the guardian and parents with the information on how the student is performing and whether to allow an extra year at the charter school. Charter school also enhance the learning programs and this allows students to meet the high standards in terms of achievements and in the process providing the parents with a flexible schedule on how to choose reputable careers to their young ones (Betts and Hill, 2010).

A total number of students enrolled in the district are about 80% this is inclusive of both the charter and the public district schools. Charter percentage is around 50% of the total student’s enrollment in the district as of the year 2015. The number has increased numerously since the available charter schools have increased by almost twice the number. This large number of student enrollment will increase the requirement for more teachers were about more than 600 teachers have been employed in the process in order to enhance the learning program in the schools (Schneider, 2016). The schools have also increased the number of sitting positions by twice to serve the high population. An increase in the transportation services for the charter school has also increased in order to prevent an awkward moment during the time of closing the school for the home in the evenings (Betts and Hill, 2010).

1. Write a short paper that outlines the various choice options available across Florida. Discuss the eligibility requirements for receiving one of the state’s vouchers.

Across Florida, there are a variety of choice options to the students. In terms of schools, the choice options involve attending the school of choice or attending a school by which the parents decided the students attend. The whites present a high number for those who attend school as assigned compared to the blacks who most of them attend schools are a cause of being chosen by their parents which is much lower compared to the Hispanic who are the highest in number to attend schools chosen by parents. Students with a disability will receive a state voucher to attend the charter schools in the district of Florida (Betts and Hill, 2010). The state has allowed the students in Florida to gain the advantage of attending the charter schools and in this case, the disabled students will be given a priority and awarded a state voucher to attend a charter school of choice around Florida.  

References

Schneider, M. K. (2016). School choice: The end of public education?.

Bailey, N. E. (2013). Misguided Education Reform: Debating the Impact on Students. Lanham:   R & L Education.

Betts, J. R., & Hill, P. T. (2010). Taking measure of charter schools: Better assessments, better             policymaking, better schools. Lanham, Md: Rowman & Littlefield Education.

Software for a Library

Step 1:      Determine the facts in the situation – obtain all of the unbiased facts possible

Implementing a library system is one of the most advantageous steps in managing the materials in and also the materials that have already been given out. Confidentiality is one of the most requirements in a library system where the librarian is the only individual who can and has the permission to access certain files (Rozanski and Woods, 2012). An overview advantage of having a software system for library management is that even the cost of running the library reduces by half since the automation of every duty conducted will reduce the manpower need and replaced with a timely software that will enhance the record keeping, disbursement, and also requesting a return or extension of materials given out to individuals (Zykov, 2016). Security is assured where the librarian can set up passwords in order to access the files in the system. This is greatly enhanced by the fact that a high level of encryption is used to secure the details in the files ones they are saved through an individual password.

Step 2:      Define the Stakeholders - those with a vested interest in the outcome

Stakeholders in a system development are broad since it involves the individuals or all parties which have the interest in the development of the said system (In Chen et al., 2014). In this case, stakeholders can be the librarian, the owners of the library, the software developers, and also the users who all in this section send representatives. Involving every interested party in software development assist in eliminating doubt about the software developed since each party has suggestion and questions on what is the cost, how to implement the system, and also what features the software should contain (Rozanski and Woods, 2012). Stakeholders also assist in determining the cost of developing the required system since the requirements vary and therefore the cost will also vary. The system can develop problems after installation and therefore having involved the stakeholders will reduce the risk of developing problematic issues in the end.

Step 3:      Assess the motivations of the Stakeholders - using effective communication techniques and personality assessment

The motivation of the stakeholders and mostly the owners of the system are to have effective software that fulfills the wants of every individual and contains the features which are easy to understand. Stakeholders have the choice of owning a system by which the running of the system is cheap and also reduces the tasks around the library (Zykov, 2016). Certain responsibilities such as keeping record on who has what and which item is due becomes easy since the software can be integrated with mobile numbers of every individual who has borrowed any item and when it is due, a text message or an email is sent to the individual and it reflects in the system. The system will enhance the effective storage, privacy, and also security of data stored in the systems.

Step 4:      Formulate alternative solutions - based on most complete information available, using basic ethical core values as guide

An alternative solution for the library system would be to improve the record keeping in a much cheaper way through developing a simple database and or using a software system (In Chen et al., 2014). The database can act as a record keeping system where the names, details, items, and the items given out can be stored. It is a much cheaper method where the database can only be accessed and operated by an expert and therefore privacy is enhanced (Shaw et al., 2012). Also, the cost of a database is much cheaper and less complicated steps compared to software but the software can perform more options than a simple database.

Step 5:      Evaluate proposed alternatives - short-list ethical solutions only; may be a potential choice between/among two or more totally ethical solutions

The option on developing a database is much ethical and no technology expertise is required in the development of a simple database. The steps involved in the development are simple to understand and therefore the librarian can follow the simple steps and finally adapt on how well to manage the record, and also improve the efficiency in terms of service delivery (Zykov, 2016). Testing must be carried out in the development in order to eliminate the risk of difficulties in operating the database.

Step 6:      Seek additional assistance, as appropriate - engineering codes of ethics, previous cases, peers, and reliance on personal experience, prayer

The option is much more affordable and easy in terms of maintenance. The only difficulty which can lead to a failure of the systems is the common mistakes that are made by the developers when developing a database since one error can lead to a collapse of the whole system (Shaw et al., 2012). These mistakes such as leaving out vital information and keys in development can lead to a problem in future where the database is required to produce certain information on certain records but due to a lack of a proper command to that request, the information cannot be obtained.

Step 7:       Select the best course of action - that which satisfies the highest core ethical values

Software is much more preferred than a database. Software’s tend to have more features and therefore enhance the work delivered to the final users. The privacy of customer requirement is highly confidential between the client and the software developer and even a pilot method can be used in order for the customer or the owner can see the type of software developed (Shaw et al., 2012). This makes it even more comfortable to choose the software system since certain changes can be done before even the system is put into test or even implemented.

Step 8:      Implement the selected solution - take action as warranted

Implementing software becomes an easy task when the developer has the expertise in this section. There are a series of processes that are followed during software implementation and therefore maximum attention is needed here. The steps followed are in the form of phases beginning with planning, analyzing, design, configuration, testing, implementation, and finally maintenance. The outlined steps are very important in software development and implementation since they eliminate the risks involved where obsolete systems can cause a failure (Rozanski and Woods, 2012). Testing the system is one of the important steps since the data is collected on how the system operates, what new features are available in the system, and which abnormal reaction is observed by the developer.

Step 9:      Monitor and assess the outcome - note how to improve the next time

After the implementation of the system, a follow up is done to ensure that the system does not develop complications at a later stage but to develop the complications once it has been implemented. The data that was in the book records has however been fed into the system and therefore the system has already started operation (Zykov, 2016). The results obtained after the system has started operation will be collected and clearly checked into to ensure that the system works effectively and according to customer requirements. The developers provide the owner with certain patches which can be used in the software as changes takes place in the system. Security risks and bugs are also identified and corrected timely. The information corrected is therefore used to improve the system and to make the developers aware of how the system works when tasked with certain tasks (Rozanski and Woods, 2012). This is very important since the issues noted will be used in improving the system when developing a system next time. The issues are taken into consideration in order to develop a software that has zero errors and which operates accordingly.

References

In Chen, X., In Wang, Q., & In Luo, Y. C. (2014). Reading development and difficulties in           monolingual and bilingual Chinese children.

Rozanski, N., & Woods, E. (2012). Software systems architecture: Working with stakeholders     using viewpoints and perspectives. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Addison-Wesley.

Shaw, C. B. T. J. B. G. B. J. B. C. (2012). Pro SQL Server 2012 Practices. Springer-Verlag New             York Inc.

Zykov, S. V. (2016). Crisis management for software development and knowledge transfer.   

            Especial Education

The matrix of services is described in a document that is utilized to establish the factor of cost for the selected exclusive education students on the grounds of the decisions that are developed by the team of IEP.  The matrix addresses five sections which are utilized in grouping services and five more sections are utilized in providing a description of the intensity and nature of services within a particular domain. The total point’s numbers are determined through making an addition of all the scores of every domain and applicable specific considerations points which thus results in a support level rating 1,2,3,4 or five and are represented by (252), (253), (254), (255), (256) which is in respective form (Florida Department of Education, 2015).

A matrix of services is achieved with the utilization of information that is found in the IEP of the students by a single or various individual who are well aware of the student’s status.  This is a reflection of all the special services that a student should be provided with. A fresh matrix must be scored and completed at the first placement and each year and if the services to be offered to the student changes due to meetings of IEP a fresh one must be filed.  The district is responsible for ensuring that the matrix is a reflection of the special services which are available. A matrix service is scored through the five main domains. This includes communication, healthcare, independent functioning, emotional behavior and learning and curriculum surrounding. Every student is therefore required to be scored in the general domains (Florida Department of Education, 2015).

Matrix services are offered in consideration of several factors like social status of a student and disability. The funds and special services are offered to students with social needs which help in ensuring that they acquire learning and training programs. These students must, therefore, be referred to an individual or a group of persons who clearly understand the status of the students. This is required in order to select the kind of special services that the student is to receive. The obtained information is then utilized in determining the special education share allocation for each student (Florida Department of Education, 2015).

In my district, IDEA funds are used wholly for the provision of special education services and those services that are associated with students that have disabilities.  IDEA funds all the services that are offered to the specific students at the school, district level as well as the local area.  The IDEA additionally provides direct school funding services which are ground on the number of students with disabilities that have been enrolled(Hays, 2012).

In addition IDEA preschool funds that are located in section B are utilized in supporting preschool activities in learning as well as classroom experience programs.  This addition includes preschool evaluation, remediation language training, and specialized auditory programs. The IDEA supplement discretionary is a training grant which offers training funding and ESE training that is necessary for students with disabilities. This is, therefore, essential as it helps in the provision of quality education to the students in the Florida district who requires special education programs and the associated funding. The IDEA funds are generally utilized in funding students with social incapability or physical ability in acquiring training and the necessary knowledge through learning programs (Hays, 2012).

Reference

            Florida Department of Education. (2015). Exceptional Student Education/ Florida Education Finance Program (ESE/FETP), Matrix of Services Handbook. Florida Department of Education.2015 Edition.Pdf

                Hays, R. A. (2012).The federal government and urban housing. Albany, NY: State University of New York Press.

Humboldt, Adaptation Slope & Aspect

The picture portrays great various topographical characteristics of the mountain and tends to display a true appearance of a natural environment. It clearly illustrated the various plant organisms that can be found on a mountain side.  The picture also shows a real landscape appearance showing the growth of plants being depicted as natural as possible. It portrays a reflection of unity, interconnectedness and diversity nature. The technique is able to depict the elevation of various plant species so that they can be recognized from the picture and their growth patterns can be identified. The picture clearly shows the interdependences between plant species and animal species. The topography of the picture portrays the aspects of the weather which is normally found near mountains to support the life of the organisms depicted. The illustration also shows that no organism that can be understood in isolation with other kinds of organism. The interdependence is thus illustrated between animals, human, plants and the landscape environment.

The picture should show various slope angles so that other phenomena that changes with the change in the in the angle can be analyzed. The picture should also have a close range of view so that the presence of major plants such as those in the high attitude can be observed.  The shading of the image should be more intense to show the topography profile and the distribution of such aspects as soils on the various slopes. This would enable one to notice the top climate of the region and further shading would help in identifying sloppy areas where only certain species of plants can be found (Grime, Hodgson & Hunt, 1989). This would add more information to the diagram.

References

Alexander von Humboldt (2015): "Everything is interconnected." Humboldt's Plant Geography. Retrieved from: http://www.avhumboldt.net/index.php?page=149

Grime, J. P., Hodgson, J., & Hunt, R. (1989). Comparative plant ecology: A functional approach to common British species. Springer-Science+Business Media,102

Reflex

1. In Achilles, the tendon produce cutaneous mechano-receptors that is expansive, but the ones in ones foot cannot influence the resultant ankle jerk since they have long conducting distance to the cord ,afferent conduction speed that is slower and its path is polysynaptic intra-spinal. The cutaneous receptors are normally excited more proximally at the knee. However, for the pathways of Patellar reflex for, there is a production of a signal that is transmitted to the synapses and spinal cord without any inter-neurons at L4 level (Brodal, 2016).

2. The normal latencies for patellar tendon reflexes done for normal pregnant women done in Netherlands is indicated as 21.29 with an error of +- 2.30 ms) ^c,h. where ^h latency corresponds with maximal amplitude (Lapole & Perot ,2015). In a study done to determine normal latencies for Achilles for a normal man, the range of the latency was between 150-180ms in vibration of various subjects in voluntary influences (A berardelli, hallett, kaufman, fine,Berenberg &Simon,2016).

3. In voluntary responses a stimulus results to a reflex response and is normally replaced by way of learning another stimulus. The learning happens after the involuntary stimulus preceded by some other kind of stimulus. The reflex stimulus results from another a conditioned stimulus even where there is no unconditional stimulus following it (Brodal, 2016)..
4. Blowing at a human eye will make the pupil to constrict automatically. This is because such kind of an act is under the control of the reflex arc. The signals are transmitted directly to the motor neuron which is the reflex action. People will use sense and sight of a given position which will help them coordinate walking. In this case the brain will send out motor impulses which will control their movement (Brodal, 2016)..

References

Brodal, P. (2016). The central nervous system. Oxford University Press.329-332

Lapole, T & Perot C (2015).Hoffmann reflex is increased after 14 days of daily repeated Achilles tendon vibration for the soleus but not for the gastrocnemii muscles

A berardelli, M ,hallett, C, kaufman, E,fine, W Berenberg, sr Simon(2016). Stretch reflexes of triceps surae in normal Man. Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry 1982;45:513-525

Inspired by nature

Introduction

 Everyone should think of the things they would like to do and reflect on the world around them and find out one thing they would do to make a difference. We are just transient and the physical world we see such as the forest implies the geology which has been going on for a long time. The landscape is one that we have transformed. The transformation has been informed by human activities such as mining and industry. It is not that I am against them but I work with them and we all need them, but I am also for sustainability. It is a slow progression ( Burtynsky, 2005).

1. Progression

While have lived in all the ages, the Stone Age, Iron Age and corporate age, they are still alive at work today but we become totally disconnected from them.  Our collective appetite for our lifestyle and what we are doing to the landscape is something that is a very sobering moment to contemplate on. The photographs should be able to engage the audiences. It should get them, not aiming to be rejected by the image but to be challenged and also make them realize that though they want a good life there are consequences to it ( Burtynsky, 2005).

• The recycling work tries to point to work of redemption after what we had been doing to the landscape, as a practice of human activity that is sustainable.
• A hundred and thirty million people Bangladesh living in area the size of Wisconsin with pollution intense and working conditions were horrible.

1. Transformation

 China truly is a question of sustainability as seen in construction of 3 dams.  The transformation of the land due to the movement of the people from the dam site shows a need for power and the people are willing to go through this to get that power. Investors are going into China weekly for hydroelectric power, with coal being one of the largest problems ( Burtynsky, 2005).

• Shanghai shows that China is changing than it would have 5 years ago as communities that have been living in construction areas are being broken up and being spread across urban areas. A city in size of Shanghai is literally a forest of skyscrapers and is breathtaking in terms of the speed with which it is transforming. The real need for materials and a lot of the recycled materials are collected and taken to China by ships.
• Solution

The whole notion of photographing is out of concern for the scale of what we call progress. As much as there are great things around, things that are just about to break that can solve many problems and hope they were spread around the world and we will start to have positive effect. It’s not something that is just affecting our world (Burtynsky, 2005).

• We should start collecting our foot print and dimpling down and there is a growing foot print that is happening in Asia at a rapid rate and we cannot equalize. So ultimately, we have to be very concerned about the way their revolution is going to be connected to our revolution. It is through communication that sustainability is not unreal idea. The environment movement has failed because it has used apocalyptic tone too much and hasn’t sold the positive aspect of being environmentally concerned (Burtynsky, 2005).
• com blog’s conversation is about how to change the world in better way looking at technology, new energy saving device and how to strategize the movement towards sustainability (Burtynsky, 2005).
• One way is to put the photography works in the service of promoting the website and the images can be placed to any kind of media (Burtynsky, 2005).
• Here is a need to have a dialogue about sustainability. We try to motivate kids in the age of reason- 7-8 years – to understand what sustainability is and they have a vested interest. One of the ways of doing it is to create prices for kids and to have price targets. One could be for the best sustainable idea in a school project, the others for hospital project or community projects for sustainability. We will be motivating a certain group to push it from the bottom into the households. This gives possession of the world to the person(Burtynsky, 2005).

• Epiphany -    a sudden perception into the reality or meaning of something (  they wanted more and they can thank nature for such a view)
• Nanotechnology –  a branch of technology dealing with tolerance and dimensions of below 100 nanometers more so molecules and atoms (the military has exclusive access to nanotechnology)
• Transient –  not lasting (all earthly creatures are transient)
• Villa – a detached house in a residential area - they built a riverside villa for one week
• Circuit-breaker -  a device that automatically stops electric circuit current flow – (if a circuit breaker is not included; the switch should be thrown by hand when beginning to charge).
• Armatures -  part of electric device including a major winding currying current and where induction of electronic force is done.(voltage is dependent on speed of the armature)
• E-waste - electrical or electronic devices that have been discarded and their parts (e-waste raises concerns considering its component toxicity.
• Suburban – an area on the edge of big city or town where the people working in such places live (they moved from suburbs to inner-town area)
• Dynamite- a device that is highly explosive consisting of nitroglycerin with other absorbent substance. (His work involved disposing of military dynamite left behind)
• Fortified - increased in effectiveness due to ingredients addition. (a heavily fortified wall).

The video utilized the cause and effects, comparing and contrasting of the transformation of landscape.  It also makes generalization of the various revolutions in informed by the need for sustainability and provides evidence for such in form of a conversation in a blog. The structure also exemplified a topic on China in details.  These are also seen in offering options for attaining sustainability.

References

Nutrition Education and Counseling

Outline

1. Annotation
2. Summary
3. Importance of nutrition education
4. steps of the nutrition education
5. Seers education
6. Group education

• Unknown words

1. Chart

Annotation

Nutrition education shows the importance of eating healthy and essential dietary changes. It aims mostly at the adolescents so that they can adapt to new eating behaviors. The initial stage of adolescent training is precontemplation as they are not aware and it aims in creating awareness (Croll, Neumark-Sztainer & Story, 2001). Contemplation is the second stage that lasts for six months as it aims at increasing motivation. Preparation is the third stage that aims at initiating change within 30 days. Action is the fourth stage that lasts 6 months or less that drives commitment to change. Maintenance is the last stage of the learning curve that advocates for the continuity of changes and new behavior in order to prevent relapse (Croll, Neumark-Sztainer & Story, 2001). Peer education is important as it promotes behavior change. Peer educators have good communication, a mastery of the skill, show interest to work with other teens and are able to identify teens that may need a referral. There is the importance of providing a teenager in the input strategy as they will feel ownership in the group ideas hence more participation in the group. There should be an advocacy of practice behavior in the adolescents in order to empower them and reinforce their behaviors.

Summary

Nutrition education is important to adolescent as it contributes to their psychosocial development. It is crucial as the adolescent strive to achieve independence through their beliefs and behaviors of their peers. It is, therefore, important to integrate the nutrition learning to the adolescent as it places them in a better opportunity to make the right decision of their meals (Croll, Neumark-Sztainer & Story, 2001). The learning aims at bringing up new habits of eating that cannot be effe1ctive without the motivation of the large group. This means that the nutrition educators come up with the best course of training that will facilitate the dietary change.

Learning takes place in stages in order to ensure that the whole process is successful. Precontemplation is the initial stage whereby the adolescents are not aware of the change and have no intention of taking no action. The strategy in this stage is to create a supportive strategy for change, assessing their knowledge, beliefs, and attitude as well as discussing their personal aspects (Croll, Neumark-Sztainer & Story, 2001). Step 2 is the contemplation stage where an action is intended to take aiming at increasing motivation in order to form a new behavior. This stage is important as it identifies any problematic behavior, prioritizing of behavior and identifying any change. The third stage is the preparation stage that takes action within 30 days to initiate a change. Strategies such as taking small steps and assistance action plan make it a success (Croll, Neumark-Sztainer & Story, 2001). The fourth step is the action for the obvious behaviors in order to commit a change. It is achieved through reinforcement of the decision, self-confidence, self-monitoring, and problem-solving.  The last step of training is to maintain the behaviors adopted through plans of follow-up, constant reminders, and alternative findings to make the whole learning process a success.

Peer education is influential and strong during the stage of the adolescent. This involves them sharing their own experiences and the little knowledge they have. Therefore it is important to have this type of discussion which is supervised by a health profession so that other peers may adopt the health suggestions in their personal lifestyles. Peers education also overcomes barriers of communication as they are able to use the concept that is best known to them (Croll, Neumark-Sztainer & Story, 2001). Group education should be interactive and in small groups so that they can be effective. In order to create a pattern of healthy eating the education, the process should aim at the long-term goal that can be achieved through the use of active voice, common language, and terminologies, being specific and the provision of illustrative examples will play a major role in the nutrition education.

Unknown words

In order to arrive at my decision, I have used the strategy of reading the whole sentence which at the end of it there is that sense of some meaning. I have also checked and analyzed what the word could mean with my personal understanding replacing it in the sentence thus giving a meaningful idea.

Dietary

nutrition assessment

Chart

Cause                                                                                                 Effects

Dietary change in adolescent                                                  Proper eating behaviors

Nutrition education                                                                 promote the adoption of

More healthful behaviors                                                                                           

Contemplation                                    leads to                        Increase motivation and

Confidence to perform the

new behavior

Maintenance of health eating habits    helps                           in prevention of relapse

The nutrition goal of and

education is                                                     to increase the client awareness of risk                                                                                              associated with current eating behaviors

Reference

Croll J, Neumark-Sztainer D, Story M. (2001) Healthy eating: what does it mean to adolescents? J Nutr Educ; 33:193-198.

Loewen

The writer introduces his assertions by showing how the high school students have contempt for history.  History subject is considered by the students to be the most irrelevant. They avoid it where possible despite scoring high marks in it especially for the non-white students who do worse in art subjects. Something must be wrong in such a scenario considering that history is cannot be said to be more difficult than math’s – trigonometry.  Perceiving the morale in their class rooms , the history teachers response is to abandon the textbooks , which are “overstaffed “ and come up with their own courses of American history. The same attitude can be found with college teachers who disregard the high school history knowledge, a case not seen in other learning field. History is very important to Americans as it reveals how we got to the present moment (Loewen, 2007. The American history is full of important stories and is liked outside classroom. The problem is that history teaching is dominated by history textbooks making it boring. Stories told in the books are always predictable and exclude real suspense or conflict which might reflect the bad side of Americans’ national character (Loewen, 2007).

 America is portrayed as having final solution historical problems and due to lack of reality and suspense, students lose interest. The books also fail to use the present to show the past. They are different from other teaching material. They full of information but they make teachers leave out what is important. They are also full of omission and errors. The introduction resonates well with titles assertion of teachers’ lies. The claims presented in the introduction part are partially true given that not many students study history as a subject. The colleges have been influenced by these inadequacies resulting to teachers disregarding the high school history.

Survey

Did you do the reading?  YES   
Did class discussion aid your understanding of this text? YES 

How would you describe your comprehension of the chapter’s main ideas? ABOVE AVERAGE

Loewen’s Hero making
this focuses on “heroification” referred to by Loewen as a process through which American people are made heroes while they are just ordinary people.  The chapter also shows how people’s roles are understed in the society or overstated so as to have such people be seen as heroes. The education media is ported to make human beings as perfect creatures having no credibility, pain, conflict or any human interest. The textbooks should not only indicate what people have achieved but how they have achieved it. The writer discusses Helen Keller and how her activism in social justice and her support for U.S.S.R is not taught to students. Wilson coincidentally secretly started a war against Bolsheviks which was eclipsed by his support for League of Nations and the wars that tasking place in Central America(Loewen, 2007).

The chapter’s context relates to the assertion of the whole text in that it outlays how significant information about American history has lead to misunderstanding of the subject.  The chapter claims that heroification has relates to the knowledge and social issues in the American community. The point on knowledge focuses on the various omissions made by text book writers so that the information conveyed to the students does not correlate to the reality of historic figures and occurrences. Social issues claims highlighted by the text relate matters such as racism and colonialism are significant in American history.  Some of the claims in this chapter are true  since the history text books rarely  conveys  all round information about an important historical figure.  Individuals are portrayed as having accomplished a lot with little information on how the accomplishments were achieved or their weakness their weaknesses which would have prevented more. As a student, there must be a lot of historical information that I need to consider given the nature of the available textbooks.

Survey

Did you do the reading?  YES   
Did class discussion aid your understanding of this text? YES 

How would you describe your comprehension of the chapter’s main ideas? EXCELLENT

Kohl’s Rosa Parks

This article is an important and timely exploration of the way in which Rosa Parks ‘story together with Montgomery bus boycott has been wrongly taught in schools through distortion. The text outlines problems with how Parks is presented and tries to provide a more politically pointed, historically correct and age-appropriate history alternative. The text also includes Cynthia Brown’s original essay about rights activists – Rosa Parks. It appears as a guide on how the evaluate textbooks whose content touches on such a critical U.S history period. The story also appears innocent enough. Parks is respectfully treated, and the boycott is attributed to the African American community who finally win the battle (Kohl, 2007). 

The content  relates to the text given that the education system is discredited for teaching the young people wrong information about Rosa Parks’ when examined carefully , the text reveals various distressing characteristics whose aim is present a movement that has been cautiously planned into an outburst whose basis was anger and frustration. The text applies to the society in that it touches on the thorny issue of racism as seen Montgomery’s boycott aimed at desegregation. The text claims about history distortion is seen in how the bus boycott incident is focused on one individual as being heroic.  The text identifies with firm belief that not everyone can become a Rosa Park but they all have a role in social changes as did the other people in the bus. The text relates to the society need for individuals who are willing to cross the segregation boundaries and motivate others likeminded people to do the same.

Survey

Did you do the reading?  YES   
Did class discussion aid your understanding of this text? YES 

How would you describe your comprehension of the chapter’s main ideas? ABOVE AVERAGE

Loewen’s John Brown

The chapter focuses on Abraham Lincoln and John Brown who were major figures in the abolition of racism and slavery. John Brown is a controversial person whose sanity had been questioned given that he was a white person fighting defending the rights of the black slaves. In the textbooks, he is shown as a hero and the fact that he took part in Pottawatomie attack is omitted since the authors did not want to present a negative image of Christianity.  The textbooks authors continually ignore Brown’s ideas since in their view; his acts make him not eligible to be sympathetically considered.  Lincoln though presented in a positive image, also had his dark side.  While other people who were murderers such as Christopher Columbus are presented with a heroic nature ,  the text book authors fail to represent Brown favorably just because of his single action of violence. The history books show no fairness in their narration of past important figures in all contexts. The tone used in description of Brown is different from that used for other historical figures(Loewen, 2007).

The content of this text resonates with society issue of withholding information and the concealing of vital information in order to present people differently from the way they actually are. The text claims that Brown is not given the honor he deserves which is quite true as his act of taking part in one violent attack cannot take away his good side. The chapter relates to the social structures and humanity, where racism was ingrained in the past society while some people stood for the right of all humanity. The text is a reflection of my belief that information should be withheld or distorted to misrepresent history.

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Did you do the reading?  YES   
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How would you describe your comprehension of the chapter’s main ideas? ABOVE AVERAGE

Loewen’s Vietnam

This chapter focuses on the writers view on the citizen’s perception of Vietnam War.  Loewen refers to the polls which were asking the American about their views on troops coming back home. The majority favored the idea of troops coming back home .The demographic of the participants was grouped into the people with grade school education, high school education background and college education. The author found a margin close to 10 to 1 for audiences who believed that people who had college education much more dovish. Most of the responses portrayed educated people as being more critical, informed and tolerant in issues concerning war or racism.  However, Loewen presents the truth as being opposite of the students prediction as even the people with grade school education were against the Vietnam War. He outlines two conclusions for the kind of hawkishness seen in educated American – allegiance and socialization (Loewen, 2007). Educated people tend to side more with American Society and its policies while schools are important grounds for socialization.  The text tend to assert that public opinions are a demonstration of how people fail to think while education make students to just trust the society as being good while not thinking about it . American history in the text book does not allow for understanding problems with historical roots. Some people saw Vietnam as being idiosyncrasy (Loewen, 2007).  

This text tends to show how recorded historical information may differ from the ideal case in the ground. It relates to the kind of knowledge imparted on students which is quite different from the actual knowledge from a historical context. It seems to claim that education knowledge offered from text books cannot be actualized by learners but is used to set social structures in terms of stratification. I agree with this claim since a comparison between text book knowledge and real surveys shows varying information.

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How would you describe your comprehension of the chapter’s main ideas? ABOVE AVERAGE

Fog of War Movie

This is a film which narrates the life of Robert S. McNamara, as the American Secretary of Defense working under the administrations of Johnson and Kennedy presidencies. The film mixes an interview with McNamara and a historical footage and allows him to respond from his perspective. The director of the film outlines various lessons drawn from the life of McNamara resulting to a review of a very controversial figure of the U.S government in 20^th century.  A good lesson is that seeing and beliefs are wrong most of the times. More films show generals discussing whether Gulf of Tonkin event occurred or not. Eventually, the film shows the attack as probably not having occurred.  It is later showed that another attack happened.  The film shows the belief of McNamara as being different from that of Joint Chiefs and he believes that they made wrong decisions in troop deployments. The film shows that while the Americans believed the Vietnam War as being Cold War, it was actually a civil war.  The differing beliefs are portrayed by the tension between McNamara and LBJ which finally made him to step down (Morris ,2003).

The context of the text relates the historical times where Americans seemed ignorant of the facts on the ground. The film seems to claim that though processes of the people in power at the time differed considerably. It reviews the political scientist and historians and how their knowledge on the society reactions as especially on the Vietnam War differed. The claims can be seen in the lack of accurate information on occurrence of incidences such as Gulf of Tonkin. These films assertions relate to my views that people’s choice to belief information cannot be changed and therefore, even in historical context perceptions will continue to differ.

Survey

Did you do the reading?  YES   
Did class discussion aid your understanding of this text? YES 

How would you describe your comprehension of the chapter’s main ideas? ABOVE AVERAGE

References

Kohl, H. (2007).She would Not Be Moved: How We Tell the Story of Rosa Parks and the Montgomery Bus Boycott. New Press

Loewen J.(2007).Lies My teacher told me: Everything Your American Textbook Got Wrong. Simon and Schuster

Morris E. (2003).The Fog of War: Eleven Lessons from the Life of Robert S. McNamara. Biography. Retrieved from: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3oZLjaAPoAo

Is Photoshop Re-Mixing the World?

VIDEO LINK: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=egnB3teYiPQ

Photoshopping has become the order of the day with every beautiful picture posted online having several reviews from the context of touch whether the picture is a real photo or just another obvious act of Photoshop. In the current twenty-first century, everything has taken another turn which by opinion seems like a wrong turn by giving the ideology of another rather perfect world whereas it is just the opposite of what is the reality. According to this link here: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=egnB3teYiPQ, the digital media has manipulated the actions like for example the guy holding the guitar has appeared to be in very many several places that some of which are nothing but a fancy non-reality places on earth. <p> <iframe width="854" height="480" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/egnB3teYiPQ" frameborder="0" allowfullscreen></iframe> </p>. The picture taken appears to be in a concert in reality but from the acts of Photoshop, there seem to be many versions of the same act.

Politically, photoshopping has manipulated some actions which in most cases make the picture go viral only for the real individual to gain popularity positively or tarnish the life of the same individual by incriminating the person the hard way. This is what is proved from the police officer observed spraying some kind of chemical to people. The picture has several versions which make it even harder to identify which is the original photo. <p> <iframe width="854" height="480" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/egnB3teYiPQ" frameborder="0" allowfullscreen></iframe> </p>. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cxf0aoDQDWs, according to this link there seems to be a very high demand for the video game which basically adds up to nothing but a virtual reality which happens only in computers. This can highly even affect the thinking of the younger generation which is the most consumers of the video games. In reality, there is nothing like the space ships, as they are well known, big enough to fill the sky but the Photoshop has provided a version that in most cases one would believe the superpower countries would be having secretly. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZllwNlyTfLs. The link is on nerd writer where reactions are observed from the images of another person but mostly from the eyes of the other person.

Photoshop make it appear as though life can be viewed from the eyes of others whereas in reality, it is impossible to measure life in terms of another person. For example from the video on TED talks, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rrBPoVOawFc, the presenter in broad ways tries to appeal to the congregation about life and how one should not just wait but act to change their next moment. To some point, the presenter makes real sense since the crowds applaud obtained show that using other people as a mirror is actually possible. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ljbohB2_WnU. A link from Rihanna’s ‘Work’ is not tropical House which is typically related to the dancehall music rather than tropical house music. Photoshopping has affected every aspect of life changing everything to seem as the pictures say in broad. Artwork has taken another turn making it seem to even lose the original meaning of the context (Usero et al., pg 72).

Originally art was a replica of the reality and was much appreciated by many since they had an appealing meaning, currently it is even very rare for one to appreciate the art since counterfeit and photoshopping is everywhere reducing the value of artwork.

Tags

Breathless: How World War II Changed Cinema, Pan’s Labyrinth: Disobedient Fairy Tale, Hopper’s Nighthawks: Look Through The Window, Ghost In The Shell: Identity in Space, Children of Men: Don’t Ignore The Background, A Serious Man: Can Life Be Understood?, Yeats’s Leda and the Swan: The Power of Poetry, In the Mood For Love: Frames Within Frames, Cezanne’s Large Bathers: Painting Raw Experience, The Death of Socrates: How To Read A Painting, The Wolf of Wall Street: Cinema of Excess, Blade Runner: The Other Side of Modernity, Snowpiercer: The Artist As Historian, Under The Skin: The Pain of Art House Films, Melancholia: Depression on Film, The Prestige: Hiding in Plain Sight
In Bruges: Morality in Dialogue, and Harry Potter: The Prisoner of Azkaban: Why It’s The Best

Copy of code <iframe width="854" height="480" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/egnB3teYiPQ" frameborder="0" allowfullscreen></iframe>

Works cited

Beard, Lee, Adam Butler, Cleave C. Van, Diane Fortenberry, and Susan Stirling. The Art Book. , 2012. Print.

Usero, Adolfo, Vicente Alcázar, José M. Beá, T C. Brennan, Jack L. Butterworth, Bill DuBay, Richard Corben, Archie Goodwin, Jose Gual, Larry Herndon, John Jacobson, Bruce Jones, Ken Kelly, Rich Margopoulos, Gonzalo Mayo, Isidre Mones, Martin Pasko, Martin Salvador, Sanjulian, John P. Severin, Philip R. Simon, Steve Skeates, Leo Summers, Tom Sutton, James Warren, Carl Wessler, and Berni Wrightson. Creepy Archives: Volume 13. , 2012. Internet resource.

Question 1

Small area study analysis is one of the tools used for the research of health services to analyze the way the heath care are being used over a certain region. The variation is important in areas where the researcher wants to study the rate of chronic disease being hospitalized such as pneumonia, heart disease, lung diseases and much more. This study has been used as a determinant of important variation in the targeted regions and explains the relationship between variations observed any behavior.  A small area will be incorporating a well-defined population, the well-selected sample size and the risk associated with that population (Birkmeyer, 1998). Basically, the small area requires doing the observation of the patient and then consultation will be done before the treatment so to have a well-defined result.

The small area variation, on the other hand, did not provide the outliers, it is said to be a method in heath service of establishing the research (Birkmeyer, 1998). The aim is to come up with the explanation on how rates are different from one region to another so they do not provide a well-defined mean of statistical data in the whole region as it has used one sample which is Elyria. It said that 31 percent of the patient from Elyria passes through more procedures of admission and as the result of this the hospital was referred as heart care center of excellence.

Question 2

Financial incentives are any monetary advantage or gain that is offered to either customers or workers to encourage them to work or to relate well in areas the services are not offered best.  This incentive encourages more actions which could not have been there without this gain. Most people believe that by adjusting the financial incentives can affect the way a profession do the task.

In this case this incentive will affect the way they practice medicine, for example, it is said that Kaiser Permanente which one of large health facility which has employed its own private doctors argues that a number of patient from Elyria, Ohio are a bit less than the national mean to go through these heart procedures in Northern Ohio where doctors are said to perform abundantly. A cardiologist who earns a salary rather than paid as per the procedure performed will treat the patient in less profitable clinics where there is the privilege of the hospital and a protocol will be followed to use drugs to bypass the heart surgery process (Birkmeyer, 1998).

According to Dr. S.Jones, a medical historian both angioplasties and coronary bypass indicated that they did not result to make life longer where a severe disease is involved. There are a number of risks involved in the bypass surgery like brain damage and which may even lead to memory loss. One of the major concerns about angioplasty is that most the heart attacks involve from small invisible lesions and the impact is the lesion which reflects on angiograms (Beck, 2014).

 The medical historian also advice on a greater focuses on preventing by changing lifestyle and through medicine. The hospital is maximizing profit if the bypass surgery is performed for example they make like $100 billion per year in the United States. The Elyria community hospital received $11,000 from Medicare for an angioplasty on the other side it received only $800 through cardiologist procedure while by use of bypass procedures the hospital could make $25,000 while surgeons making $2,200 in one operation (Beck, 2014).

Question 3

If I am one of the insurers I could have considered conduct to explain and with the differences in treatments and the way to cope with cost. The funds should increase in order to get full enrollment and target a good population. Some of the products are not fully supported by the government of the United States. The funds should be added in order to cover a number of eligible targets and cover all their needs (Birkmeyer, 1998).

The primary health care should also be made available; they should conjunct with National Health Service to increase the health services in rural areas and way of making the existing one more appealing (Birkmeyer, 1998). The entire insurance programs related to health should be able to cover the entire heart procedure if required.

There should be also an education policy which specific caters for that student who wants to specialize with this heath department and become professionals. The company will have an insurance policy which caters for the training of these professionals.

The insurance pool should be made available in case of risk and fund can be used as a booster. The company can be forced to make poll specific for high-risk patients who are chronically ill and this will reduce the patient being segregated from the process of underwriting. In conjunction with local government traditional health facility need to be managed and being made more appealing for example, they can offer primary care for free to residents (Plogman, 1998).

 They can also provide free maternal care and inspection of facilities like toilet and for those with the heart; the problem can be given a priority if the situation is sensitive and sent directly to the available expert. A special hospital or center can be set aside where more than a half is patients with heart problems (Plogman, 1998).

In conjunction with local government the Non-Governmental organization or business investors who are willing to set a heart center like that one in Ohio to be given license and local authority requirement free of charge. In a case of importing a machine or gadget which are essential in the treatment of heart, they should be imported free of tax. For who are willing to work in those areas can be given proper equipment and for a student who is willing to learn through being attached to that heart, the center can be given some financial incentives (Plogman, 1998).

The insurance company can arrange with the hospital that patient in the primary stage of treatment being offered some boutique and medicines where the insurance company can be paying fixed mount to these hospitals (Plogman, 1998). The medical fees can be bargained by practicing the bargaining power.

References

Beck, A. F. (2014). The role of financial and social hardships in asthma racial disparities. Pediatric, 431-439.

Birkmeyer, J. D. (1998). Variation profiles of common surgical procedures. . Surgery, 917-923.

Plogman, P. L. (1998). Anthem Blue Cross and Blue Shield's coronary services network: a managed care organization's approach to improving the quality of cardiac care for its members. The American journal of managed care, 1679-1686.

How to prevent bullying at school

Bullying is a power imbalance that is an aggressive manner in school being performed by students who are older to other young students in the same school. Bullying may include attacking someone physically or verbally, spreading rumors, excluding someone from a group among others. Students can be affected physically and emotionally if they are bullied by others which can lead to a negative performance in learning ability. How introducing quantitative methods, for instance, introducing anti-bullying can prevent bullying at schools. Arguments set forth in bullying at schools and the causes and effects of bullying in school. This paper is focusing on how to stop bullying in schools.

According to Nansel et al. (2001), bullying is pervasive and a serious problem among both students who are bullying and those who are bullied. Lives of many students can be affected academically, physically, emotionally and health among others and they might be victims in their entire life as the evidence suggested. Bullying is a multifaceted phenomenon whereby by the dynamics are extended beyond student bullying which may consider crucial to ecological systems. The reports show that bullying causes suicidal being a reason that bullying leads to worsening feeling, rejection, anxiety, depression as well as hopelessness to the student. The evidence showed that most students in the world who are bullied lower their performance in school because of mentally distracted by the other students bullying them.

Newgent et al. (2009) imply that school principals, counselors, teachers, parents, and students have to bring additional context on finding research acquired to interviews students who are bullied by quantitative methods. The purpose of this quantitative method being introduced is to conduct the analysis in depth of interviewers to up bring the extensive findings. This method will allow the administrators to expound their opinions, thought, ideas as well as their views. The school principal can briefly introduce the method of writing of notification delivering them to the suggestion box. This will help the administrator to address the issues easily toward their ability. Furthermore, these methods will nurture the interviewer to answer every question provided without any destruction from the bullies. The increase of awareness of bullying can minimize bullying in school and set students free. In order to improve school performance, respect, pro-social and diversity among others, the focus has to be paid in term of preventing bullying in schools. Officials of the school have to have a wide knowledge over the bullying by adopting the program of anti-bullying policy so as to advocate funding (Gubler & Croxall, 2005).

Arguments set forth in the school about bullying in schools, conduction of cyber-bullying policy should be prohibited in order to protect minor from deleterious. Consideration of legal policy may be effective to students whom may be bullied or parents reporting bullying if details may set forth. Cyber-bullying can occur if the report is not submitted when an incident occurs and it is legally set forth. Arguments are on the appropriateness of official to be handling and investigating the matters immediately it has to be reported. This will help to set forth along with the matter of harassments in schools without interfering students. School officials, employee, parents and students who promptly report the matter in a good confidence in an act of bullying in compliance with the procedures set forth in this policy. By prohibiting the matter of bullying it will motivate students to do well in their academic. Prohibition of bullying in school will make student feel free and lower the number of suicidal in school as the argument set forth (Birkland, 2005).

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder is a disease that many of students suffer from because of being bullied. In a study of Unnever and Cornell (2003) a number of students comprise being victims of bullies to this Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is at a rate of 22% in two to three time in a month. The study further shows that, a high number of students suffering from ADHD are those bullied as it was compared with the peer. When it is compared between the genders, it is well shown that boys are stronger than girls when it comes to bully. Boys take the problem and try to tackle them though affected emotionally. On the contrary, girls are physically weaker than boys though they are both victims of bullies. Both boys and girls may tend to fail to their academic learning for being affected mentally while in the bullying victims. But both boys and girls have to cope with some of the issues for instance teacher strikes. There are different types of bullying in school which are physical, verbal, relational and sexual. Physical may include punching because of envies between the students. Verbal may include threatening other while spreading bad rumors that may not refer to them. And sexual may include harassment of a student by touching inappropriate parts of other students ( Barton, 2006).

Robert and Wiseman (2006) implies that causes of bullying in school can be caused by, the power of being popular, jealousy, lack of adult supervision, having problems at home and revenge among others. Students bully others for the sake of being popular in the school. They get the attention of being popular by making other victims of bullies. Jealousy as the cause of bullying in the school can exist needing something other have with using power hence ending of the bullying. Supervision may bring bully if one can is appointed as a leader to the critical authorities hence envy to others. Problems from may give student stress which may lead to depression as one way to be bullied since he or she is weak. Revenge is common is school and this can bring bullying because other student who suffer punishments because of another students.

Bullying may effective in both long terms and short terms. Long terms effects may include, reduction of occupational opportunities, increase the tendency of staying alone, increase the rate of bullying and victimization incidence. Short term effects may consist of low self-confidence, an increase of unnecessary fears and worry, nervous habits, depression and even suicidal. These effects can affect the entire life of student being a victim of bullying. Bullied student education can be interrupted and cannot work anymore because of being a victim. Principals, teachers, parents and students themselves have to play a big role to overcome unnecessary effects. By consideration of effects of bullying the performances achievement in school will raise up and the rate of suicidal reduce in schools. The health of student can be better since it will reduce Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder and student will be set free (Strauss, 2009).

Bullying is part of life to students in every school in the world. Bullying has a reason for it to be caused and its effects but has also have ways to prevent bullying in schools. Students had to know the meaning of bullying and learn to communicate positively by this knowledge, it will assist to create positive situation prevent bullying by students themselves. The institutions have to employ guidance and counselors who may help students to understand bullying and its negativity hence creating less space of bullying in the school. Students who are victims of bullying have to talk with the counselor so as to be assisted. Bullying can be eliminated by discussion between the teachers and student. This can create motivation to student thus bringing the self-confidence to the students. The introduction of anti-bullying in schools can help to reduce bullying in schools. An institutional have to focus on the bullying by indicating specific prevention and programs to utilize bullying in the schools. Positive culture in the school may prevent the bullying rate and will help students to be set free. Teachers, parents, and guardian have to communicates with students by creating socialization the can be able to prevent the bullying in school (Gubler & Croxall, 2005).

In briefly, bullying is common in school in the whole world. Bullying is a role played by other students on innocent students in order to gain power and being popular. Students who are bullied they are affected both physically and mentally. The institutions have to find ways to address problems that students may be going through. Anti-bullying being introduced in school bullies can lower and school may achieve well. By considering both cause and effects of bullying in school, the administration can come up with good ideas to prevent bullying in schools.

References

Nansel, T. R., Overpeck, M., Pilla, R. S., Ruan, W. J., Simons-Morton, B. & Scheidt, P. (2001).

Bullying behaviors among US youth: Prevalence and association with psychosocial adjustment.

Newgent, R. A., Lounsbery, K. L., Keller, E. A., Baker, C. R., Cavell, T. A. & Boughfman, E.     M. (2009). Differential perceptions of bullying in the schools: A comparison of student,         parent, teacher, school counselor and principal reports. Journal of School Counseling, 7,    1-33.

Gubler, R., & Croxall, K. (2005). Reducing bullying through prevention. Journal of Family and  Consumer Sciences, 97(2), 65-66.

Birkland, T. (2005). An introduction to the policy process (2nd ed.). Armonk, NY: M. E. Sharpe.

Unnever, J. D. & Cornell, D. G.. (2003). "Bullying, Self Control and ADHD". Journal of  Interpersonal Violence, 18(2): 129-147

Barton, E. (2006). Bully prevention (2nd ed.). Thousand Oaks CA: Corwin Press

Strauss, V. (2009). Bullying, Thefts persist despite drop in violence. The Washington Post. http://             articles. washingtonpost.com

Roberts, W. & Wiseman, R. (2006). Bullying from both sides: Strategic interventions for working with bullies and victims. Thousand Oaks, CA: Corwin Press.

Importance of conducting research

Research is important in both academic world and in life outside academia because it brings success in general and in particular. Important of why to conduct research are to create knowledge, to understand various issues, to support truth and prove lies, self-reflection, and social interaction. Research enables a student in college and outside college to create knowledge by enhancing them to conduct research efficiently. For instance, he or she can conduct research on the cure of diseases and the way to prevent them whether in college or outside academic world. Understanding various issues in daily life can be well explained through conducting research such in a way to understand social and personal issues like living in drug rehabilitation. Truth can be support as well lies can be revealed through conducting research by knowing the facts and the reasons. Self-reflection gives a student in college and outside the college an idea to do or what he/she will do with the engagement of attention by reflecting information in his/her brains. Finally, research gives a student in academic and outside academic means of interacting with different people efficiently (Bartholomae, 1995).

When researching citation is needed to prove the information given they are researched from the source given. You must cite when researching in order to increase the proof to the lecturer that you have done research in your work. The work done have to be cited its source but most student wonder where to find a citation of her who wrote the work. His/ her work can only be found by researching using a particular topic.

Academic conversation helps students to develop their reasoning skill as well to understand content and multiple perceptively. English language learners is a discussion which are critical and they are important to be considered because, it helps the learner to hear language in authentic and varied contexts, opportunities to produce language in contextualize and reducing ideas and their related vocabulary (Brockman et al, 2010).

 I am passionate about shopping and food. Some of the possible research topics that am interested based on my passionate are sociology of food and eating and the sociology of gender and sexuality. By food and eating can enable me to know how it is produced and distribute food as well as how to consume it. Gender and sexuality can help me to know inequality of gender in the society.

References

Brockman, E., Marcy T., Mary, K. & Melinda K. (2010). Helping Students Cross the Threshold: Implications from a University Writing Assessment. English Journal. 99(3)

Bartholomae, D. (1995). Writing with Teachers: A Conversation with Peter Elbow.” College

Composition and Communication 46(1)