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Gender differences in adolescent development

  • Unit 1
  • Proposal topic: Gender differences in adolescent development
  •             The research aims at establishing the various gender characteristics that distinguishes the boys and girls and during adolescence development. In relation to this the research aims at establishing the various ways to deal with the problems associated with the gender difference during adolescence development. The research paper will also aim at establishing the type of genders that has the highest moral values in the society.
  • Unit 2
  • Introduction
  •             The adolescence involves the period that individuals undergo multidimensional changes ranging from the social, biological and psychological. With regard to biological the adolescence begin experiencing pubertal changes, brain changes while at the same time the sexual interest starts. Psychologically the adolescence cognitive capabilities begin maturing. In addition the social development also takes place where the adolescence begins to experience social changes in terms of the role they play in the community, family and the society as whole. The adolescence changes in most case occur simultaneously but with different pace depending on the type of the gender that is involved. Various environmental and structural factors are known to impact each gender differently. The adolescence stage is broadly dividend into three basic stages, which include the early stage between 10-13 years, middle stage 14-16 years and finally the late stage, which is between ages 17-19. During the early stages of adolescence development physical change begins to appear that continues all through until the late adolescence stage. Cognitive development involves development of the concrete thinking capability. With regard to emotional development the adolescence begins to explore decision-making opportunities and at the same time develop a certain sense of identity. Socially individual starts to have sexual interests.            
  •             Moreover with regard to the behaviors the adolescence begin to experiment new ways of doing things. However it is important to note that the each gender undergoes its specific developmental changes during the adolescence stage. it is also evident that there is also a considerable difference with regard to the level of risk that affect each gender during the adolescence stage. This is because in most cases the young girls are at a high risks compared to the boys. The parent beliefs with regard to the genders difference can also impact the adolescence own view and ability. This research papers will therefore help to present some of the possible gender difference during the adolescence development.
  • Problem statement
  •             Girls and boys are known to undergo different development changes during the adolescence. These developmental changes greatly influence the behavior and the decisions that each genders makes in life. The problem under investigation is the gender differences, which occur during the development of adolescence how it impact the adult behaviors and decisions making. There is also a considerable difference in academic performance between the boy and girls. The research will therefore aim at establishing the possible causes of this academic difference among boys and girls.
  • Rationale of the study
  •             This study intends to point out some of the possible cause of gender difference that occurs during the adolescence development. This study will therefore help to provide the necessary information that can help the policy developers to implement measure that can help to deal with the issues related to the gender difference during the adolescence development. In addition this study will also help to provide the information regarding the possible impact of the of genders difference which occurs during the adolescence on the behavior and decision making of an individual. The psychologist will therefore use the information from the research to help in designing the possible measure that can be used to provide guidance and counseling to the adolescence.
  • Statement of the research
  • The purpose of this research is to try and establish the possible gender difference in the adolescence development. In addition the research will also aim at establish the possible links between the individual adult behaviors with the adolescence development. Moreover this research will also provide some of the measures that can be used to in order to address the gender difference that occurs during the adolescence development. Another major objective of the study is to establish the effect of gender difference in academic performance of each student. Finally the research will also aim at establishing whether the parent adolescence relationships also have a role in influencing the gender difference during the adolescence development.
  • Hypothesis
  • Definition of terms
  • Puberty: refers to the period in which the adolescence reaches the sexual maturity therefore becoming capable of reproducing. Puberty for most of the girls begin before the ages of 9 while for the boys it begins between the ages of 12 to 11.
  • Cognitive ability: refers to the ability of an individual to process thoughts. The cognitive ability of the adolescence continuously differs with regard to genders
  • Intelligence quotient: the intelligent quotient is a type of test that is used to establish the personal reasoning ability. The test can be used to try and demonstrate the intelligence difference during the adolescence development stage.  
  • Summary
  • There is need for various stakeholders involved in facilitating adolescence learning to adopt measure that can help the adolescence undergo the right developmental changes toward adulthood. This research will therefore help to analyze the gender difference among the boys and girls during the adolescence stage. The research will also try to link the adolescence developmental change with social behaviors in the adulthood. Most importantly the research will also helps to establish the developmental stages have an effect on the academic performance of an individual. Finally the research will help to show how the parents impact gender difference on the adolescence development.
  • Unit III Research Article Analysis
  • Huan, V. S., Yeo, L., Ang, R. P., & Chong, W. (2012). Concerns and Coping in Asian Adolescents—Gender as a Moderator. Journal Of Educational Research, 105(3), 151-160
    • How closely is the literature in the study related to the previous study
  • The literature review is closely related to the previous study since it helps to bring out various views of other authors on the topic. For instance the author manages to quote the various method that have been proposed by other authors to help on coping with adolescence problems.
    • Is the review recent? Are there outstanding reference that you know was left out
  • The review is recent since the author quotes most of the study that were done from 2000. However there no outstanding reference I know was left out
    • Is the purpose of the study clearly stated
  • Yes , the author of the article has clearly stated the purpose of the study where he had intended to examine the behavior of the high-ability Asian.
    • Is there rationale of the study
      The author of the study author of the article has established a clear rationale where the author aimed at establishing some of the coping behavior that can be used by the highly-ability Asians.
    • Are there hypothesis stated
  • The article does not have hypothesis only that the authors have tried to explain what the importance of the research and how it was done.
    • Is the hypothesis testable?
  • It is not possible to establish the whether the hypothesis are testable or not since they are not clearly stated
    • Is it clear how the study was done?
  • The procedure of how the study is clearly outlined with regard to how the data was collected and analyzed.
    • Are the definitions of variable clearly defined?
  • The authors of the article have defined various variable used in the data collection and analysis.
    • Is it clear how the sample came from and how it was selected
  • The article provides a clears information on how the sample was collected. In this the authors comment that the data was collected from the 1,791 highly-ability Asian student.
  • Was the sample selected in such way that you think it is represented of the populations
  • The authors managed to select sample from different ethnic composition which helped to ensure randomness of the data
    • Does the author relate the result to the review?
  • The author relates the result with the literature review where they manage to show that the data collected was inconsistent with the expectations in the literature reviews
    • Is the discussion consistent with the literature review?
  • Like the result the discussions presented by the author is also consistent with the literature review. This can be linked to the fact that the author manages to link the behavior of the highly ability Asians outlined in the literate with the actual result
    • Is the reference list current?
    • The reference lists mostly consist of the current articles
      • Does the reference cited in the body appear on the reference?
  • Yes all of the reference appear on the body.
    • Is the report clearly written and understandable?
  • The report is clearly written and one is able to follow the process of data collection as well as data analysis.
    • What are primary implication of the research
  • One of the implication of the research is that gender difference existed among the highly talented students.
  • Poustchi, H., George, J., Esmaili, S., Esna-Ashari, F., Ardalan, G., Sepanlou, S., & Alavian, S. (2011). Gender Differences in Healthy Ranges for Serum Alanine Aminotransferase Levels in Adolescence. Plos ONE, 6(6), 1-7.
    • How closely is the literature in the study related to the previous study
  • The literature review is closely related to the previous study since it mainly explains it mainly tries to quote some of the worldwide data related to the epidemics that affect the adolescence. For instance the author quotes the effect of alcohol among the adolescence.
    • Is the review recent? Are there outstanding reference that you know was left out
  • The review is recent since the author quotes most of the study that were done from 2000. However there no outstanding reference I know was left out.
    • Is the purpose of the study clearly stated?
  • The purpose of the study was to help and define the upper limit of normal serum alanine amino transferase, which is an indicator of the obesity among the adolescence
  • Is there rationale of the study
  • Yes the study aims at providing the necessary information related to how obesity affect the adolescence.
    • Are there hypothesis stated
  • The hypothesis is stated in the article where the author indicates that the obese children are likely to die due to cardiovascular diseases.
    • Are the hypothesis testable
  • The hypothesis is testable since the authors of the article manage to show that high obesity level poses health risk to an individual.
    • Is it clear how the study was done?
  • It is clear how the study was done since the author manages to present a clears procedure that was followed to carry out the study.
  • Are the definitions of variable clearly defined
  • The authors of the article have defined various variable used in the data collection and analysis.
  • Is it clear how the sample came from and how it was selected
  • Yes it is clear how the sample were collected since the author manages to Tehran which was the region understudy was divided into 5 regions. Various written invitations were sent to over 11000 randomly selected students from public schools.
  • Was the sample selected in such way that you think it is represented of the population?
  • Yes the sample was selected to represent the population since over 11000 students were used in the study.
    • Does the author relate the result to the review?
  • The authors manage to relate the results of the data collected with the literature review in order to show the gender difference with regard to obesity.
    • Are the discussions consistent with the literature review?
  • The author also manages to present a discussions which is consistent with the literature review.
    • Is the reference list current?
  • The reference lists mostly consist of the current articles published from 2000
    • Does the reference cited in the body appear on the reference?
  • Yes all of the reference appears on the body.
    • Is the report clearly written and understandable
  • The report is clearly written and one is able to follow the process of data collection as well as data analysis.
    • Is the language used biased
    • The language used in the article is in away biased since it has a lot of scientific words.
  • Article 1: Romer, N., Ravitch, N., Tom, K., Merrell, K. W., & Wesley, K. L. (2011). Gender differences in positive social-emotional functioning. Psychology In The Schools, 48(10), 958-970.
  • How closely is the literature review in the study related to the previous literature?
  • The literature review in this article is clearly linked to the review of previous work since it has referred to the previous study which has implicated that child protective factors associated with resiliency better predict social, emotional, as well as behavioral outcomes than traditional deficits alone. The article has linked the previous research appropriately and has critically considered the application of previous research in founding the study.
  • Is the review recent? Are there any outstanding references you know about that were left out?
  • Based on the year the article was published, it should have incorporated more recent review since most of the previous researches which it has incorporated are outdated. Yes, the research has left a couple of outstanding references which could have been incorporated including (van Beek, Y., Hessen, D. J., Hutteman, R., Verhulp, E. E., & van Leuven, M. (2012). Age and Gender Differences in Depression across Adolescence: Real or "Bias"?. Journal Of Child Psychology And Psychiatry, 53(9), 973-985).
  • Can you understand the statement of the problem?
  • Yes. The article has presented clear presentation of the problem under study. The problem under study includes gender differences in adolescence and children.
  • Does the purpose seem to be tied to the literature review that is reviewed?
  • Well, the author (s) have clearly connected the purpose to the problem although the review conducted is not substantial.
  • Are the research hypothesis clearly stated?
  • No. the study has not incorporated any hypothesis but has only used research questions to guide to the results.
  • Are the research hypothesis explicitly stated?
  • The research questions are well represented and clearly stated to lead towards the appropriate results.
  • Are the independent and dependent variable clearly defined?
  • No. the study has not defined either dependent or independent variable
  • Was the sample selected in such a way that you think it is representative of the population?
  • Yes. The sample size and selection process was enough to represent the population under study.
  • Is it clear where the sample came from and how it was selected?
  • Yes. The sample selection has been clearly identified where it came from and the selection process. It included a mixture of parents, teacher, and students from different schools.
  • Does the author relate the results to the review of the literature?
  • Yes. The author has clearly linked the results discussion with the literature review conducted. Although not all, majority of the review used in the literature review have been linked to the results.
  • Are the results linked to the hypothesis?
  • Yes. The author has based the discussion of the results to the research questions and each research question has been clearly explained based on the results clearly implicated the relationship.
  • Is the reference list current?
  • No. since the author (s) had based the review in slightly outdated research, the reference list remains to the outdated as well except for a few.
  • Are the references complete?
  • Yes. The reference lists are complete
  • Article 2: van Beek, Y., Hessen, D. J., Hutteman, R., Verhulp, E. E., & van Leuven, M. (2012). Age and Gender Differences in Depression across Adolescence: Real or "Bias"?. Journal Of Child Psychology And Psychiatry, 53(9), 973-985.
  • How closely is the literature review in the study related to the previous literature?
  • The authors have presented review which is revolves around the issue under investigation. The authors have presented a clear connection between the previous study and the problem being instigated.
  • Is the review recent? Are there any outstanding references you know about that were left out?
  • Yes. Majority of the articles reviewed in the literature review are recent. This is only based in the date the article was published whereby many of the reviews are not older than six years.
  • Can you understand the statement of the problem?
  • Yes. The author has presented the problem under investigation in a clear manner.
  • Does the purpose seem to be tied to the literature review that is reviewed?
  • Yes. The purpose of the research is well tied to the literature review despite the fact that the alignment of the literature is not up to the required standard.
  • Are the research hypothesis clearly stated?
  • No. The study has generalized on research questions and no hypothesis.
  • Are the research hypothesis explicitly stated?
  • Yes. The authors have clearly identified the research questions based on the issues under investigation to ensure that the appropriate results have been facilitated.
  • Are the independent and dependent variable clearly defined?
  • Yes. The authors have clearly stated and defined the variables which are to be studied.
  • Was the sample selected in such a way that you think it is representative of the population?
  • Yes. The process of selection of participants has ensured that the population has been well represented and the results will indicate the stand of the entire population.
  • Is it clear where the sample came from and how it was selected?
  • Yes. The authors have presented a clear procedure of how the participants were selected.
  • Does the author relate the results to the review of the literature?
  • Yes. The authors (s) have clearly discussed the results of the research in accordance to the literature conducted.
  • Are the results linked to the hypothesis?
  • Yes. Although there is no hypothesis, the results have been linked with the research questions. The discussion has been made appropriately.
  • Is the reference list current?
  • Yes. A larger percentage of the references is current. However, some are older than others even beyond the expected range.
  • Is the reference list complete?
  • Yes. The authors have provided a full reference list in the appropriate format.
  • Pascual, A., Etxebarria, I., Ortega, I., & Ripalda, A. (2012). Gender Differences in Adolescence in Emotional Variables Relevant to Eating Disorders. International Journal Of Psychology & Psychological Therapy, 12(1), 59-68.
  • How closely is the literature review in the study related to the previous literature?
  • The literature review facilitated is closely related and associated with the study and the authors/researchers have applied the right strategy in appropriately connecting or linking the review.
  • Is the review recent? Are there any outstanding references you know about that were left out?
  • Yes. Majority of the articles incorporated in the research are recent.
  • Can you understand the statement of the problem?
  • Yes. The problem under study is clearly analyzed. The article studies the gender differences in diverse emotional variables relevant to eating disorders.
  • Does the purpose seem to be tied to the literature review that is reviewed?
  • Yes. The purpose is clearly connected or tied to the literature review
  • Are the research hypothesis clearly stated?
  • Yes. The hypothesis are clearly stated
  • Are the independent and dependent variable clearly defined?
  • Yes. The authors have clearly stated and defined the variables which are to be studied.
  • Was the sample selected in such a way that you think it is representative of the population?
  • Yes. The process of selection of participants has ensured that the population has been well represented and the results will indicate the stand of the entire population.
  • Does the author relate the result to the review?
  • The authors manage to relate the results with the literature review where shows that among the adolescence the boys tend to experience positive emotions more frequently than the girls do.
    • Is the discussions consistent with the literature review
  • The author also manages to present a discussions which is consistent with the literature review.
    • Is the reference list current?
  • The reference lists mostly consist of the current articles published from 2000
    • Does the reference cited in the body appear on the reference?
  • Yes all of the reference appears on the body.
    • Is the report clearly written and understandable?
  • The report is clearly written and one is able to follow the process of data collection as well as data analysis.
    • What is primary implication of the research?
    • The results indicates that the girls have more predisposing character profile that affect their emotions.
    • Unit 4 literature review
    • What are the similar areas of study or studies that lead up to the current research? Identify the importance of the questions being asked
  • Pascual, A., Etxebarria, I., Ortega, I., & Ripalda, A. (2012). Gender Differences in Adolescence in Emotional Variables Relevant to Eating Disorders. International Journal Of Psychology & Psychological Therapy, 12(1), 59-68.
  • The article has addressed similar areas of study relevant to the current study in that it has analyzed gender differences in diverse emotional variables relevant to eating disorders. The current is investigating the gender differences in adolescence development and the aspects under the previous research have investigations based on the issues of gender differences.
    • Another similar area that led to this research was a study done on gender difference in the health ranges of Serum Alanine Aminotransferase levels in adolescence( Poustchi, et al., 2011) The is study showed that the girls had a high chances of contracting obesity related diseases than the boys. In addition the study also showed that the risk of getting obesity increased with age among the girl at a considerable high rate compared to boys. According to Huan, et al., (2012) girls are also likely to cope with the socials support than the boys. Huan, et al., (2012 also notes that the boys and girls differ in their use of problem coping strategies.
  • Report on the status of the topic
  • The current topic under study is based on the adolescences and their gender differences which develop especially between the male and female gender. This research will include review of the characteristics that boys and girls develop when they age towards the adolescence stage. The study will also review the manner in which these characteristics are varied from one gender to the other. The previous research, (Pascual, et al., 2012) has indicated the existence of gender differences as the female and male genders approach to adolescence stage including change of behavior and characteristics.
  • Analysis of the topic it is also evident that there exists a gap in the literature since very few study have been done in order to assess whether the gender difference during the adolescence development has an effect on the individual performance. In addition very few studies have been done to assess gender difference in terms of the behavior of an individual. This study will therefore aim to bridge that gap.
  • Literature reviewed and problem statement
  • The literature review provided in this case discusses on the findings of the studies provided by previous authors or scholars in relation to the differences that occur to the boys and girls during the adolescence stage. The problem stated has support from the literature review provided and forms the basis of the issue under investigation. The variables provided in the research are emotional variables including anxiety and depression in relation to eating mood in the adolescence.
  • In addition the literature reviewed relates to the problem statement since it helps to show that there exists some gender difference in the development of an individual. In relation to this the literature reviews shows that gender difference also has an impact on the behavior of an individual. It is also evident that the environment has an impact on gender development during the adolescence.
  • Romer, N., Ravitch, N., Tom, K., Merrell, K. W., & Wesley, K. L. (2011). Gender differences in positive social-emotional functioning. Psychology In The Schools, 48(10), 958-970.
  • What are the similar areas of study or studies that lead up to the current research? Identify the importance of the questions being asked
  • The research investigates gender differences of adolescence and children on positive social as well as emotional competencies. The question asked is rather based on the comparison of male and female children as well as other ratings in terms of social and emotional strength. The importance of this question is that it will facilitate the investigation on the gender characteristics that exist between the boys and girls during the adolescence stage. The article also includes of a question on the comparison of social emotional strength of the young people during adolescence.
  • Report on the status of the topic
  • The current topic is equally significant to the issue under investigation based on the fact that it compares the social and emotional aspects which change in boys and girls during adolescence. This is appropriately linked to the issues or aspects being investigating in this study.
  • Analyze the relationship between the literature reviewed and the problem statement
  • The literature review has formed a strong basis of the differences in social-emotional characteristics evident in boys and girls during the adolescence stage. The variables under investigation include social and emotional aspects.
  • Unit V Assignment
  • Participants
  • The methodology to be incorporated in this study is survey whereby the participants will be provided with questionnaires. Selection of participants will be based on random sampling whereby a mixture from different races and cultural backgrounds. The location of the participant will also be different in order to ensure that the sample selected represents the whole population. During the participant selection, demographics such as age, gender and skin color as well as ethnicity will be determined in order to get participants of the right mixture. Random sampling is the most effective type of sampling technique that focuses on achieving the most appropriate sample size for qualitative research.
  • Research design
  • Research design explains the approach on which the study will be based especially for data collection. The research design to be incorporated in this case is qualitative since the research is based on the opinion of the participants. The philosophy incorporated will be inductive since the research will be based on review of findings from other studies as well as the opinion from the participants. The effectiveness of qualitative research is that it is applicable for establishing the any association based on behavior or characteristics. Social traits are also effectively determined through the application of qualitative research design. The challenge with this design is that the researcher has to determine the appropriate sample size in order to be in a position to provide the appropriate results.
  • Instrumentation and Data Collection Plans
  • Considering the fact that the study will be based on qualitative design, the instrument to be incorporated in the research is semi structured questionnaire whereby the participants will be interviewed. The interview carried out will be through Skype in order to limit the overall costs incurred during the data collection phase. The participants will be required to have access to a computer with internet connection whereby each interview session is estimated to last for 30 minutes. The structure of the interview will be in a way to ensure all questions administered to the participants are similar and avoid bias.
  • Proposed Analysis of the Data
  • What variables will be included in the analyses?
  • The variables to be included in the analysis will include social and emotional changes that take place during ht adolescence stage and how they differ from one gender to the other. The analysis will also include determination of the social characteristics that different genders will have based on the changes that occur in adolescence and how these changes affect the behavior of the boys and girls.
  • What is the decision making criterion
  • The decision criterion to be used in determining the conclusion or the findings of the research in the analysis phase will be the critical alpha level whereby the hypothesis will be either test true of false. The null hypothesis will be rejected if it tests true in order to control or prevent possibility of type one errors to the defined level.
  • Will computer software be used in the analysis?
  • The assistance of computer software in the analysis stage will not be applicable based on the fact that the answers or feedback from the participants will not be mostly based on statistical data. The results of the study will also be based on the establishment of the relationship between the literature review under investigation and the hypothesis or research questionnaires being tested.
  • Explain how to assess the validity of the measurement
  • Validity in this case explains the measure of method to which it is supposed to measure. The validity of measurement will be based on content measurement whereby the measurement method will cover the range of entire behavior, thoughts, as well as the construct of interest. This will ensure that the results are based on valid data.
  • Explain how to measure the reliability of the variables
  • Reliability measure entails the degree to which a measurement technique can be depended upon to secure consistent results in a repeated application. The measurement of reliability will be performed in order to ensure that the degree of reliability when applied to certain population under specific conditions it works out effectively. This research will include measure of two types of reliabilities including instrument reliability and situational reliability whereby the situational reliability will be established though setting the time for interview to be a free session for each participant. The conditions under which the measurements are made will also be determined to ensure that the results are valid.
  • Unit VI Implications and Limitations
  • Proposed implications
    • Limitation
  1. There is distinct gender difference during the adolescence development that greatly impacts the behavior of an individual. This behavioral difference is mainly due to the fact both girls and boys develop distinct behavior during the adolescence stage
  2. Gender difference during adolescence development has an impact on the academic performance of an individual. The academic performance of an individual is influenced by several factors, which include the environmental factors. It is therefore evident that since both boys and girls are exposed to different environmental factors then it is possible to have such difference in the academic performance.
  1. The research will help to show the impact of gender difference during adolescence development with regard to academic performance.
  2. The research will also help to show the gender difference with regard to the behavior during the adolescence development.
  1. The study will only be done over a short period, which implies that one might to be possible to follow the growth pattern of the adolescence.
  2. It might also not be possible to establish accurately the impact of the gender difference on the academic performance since there are other factors that influence performance of an individual.
  • Unit VII Appendices and References
  • Reference
  • Romer, N., Ravitch, N., Tom, K., Merrell, K. W., & Wesley, K. L. (2011). Gender differences in positive social-emotional functioning. Psychology In The Schools, 48(10), 958-970. doi:10.1002/pits.20604
  • van Beek, Y., Hessen, D. J., Hutteman, R., Verhulp, E. E., & van Leuven, M. (2012). Age and Gender Differences in Depression across Adolescence: Real or "Bias"?. Journal Of Child Psychology And Psychiatry, 53(9), 973-985.
  • Pascual, A., Etxebarria, I., Ortega, I., & Ripalda, A. (2012). Gender Differences in Adolescence in Emotional Variables Relevant to Eating Disorders. International Journal Of Psychology & Psychological Therapy, 12(1), 59-68.
  • Huan, V. S., Yeo, L., Ang, R. P., & Chong, W. (2012). Concerns and Coping in Asian Adolescents—Gender as a Moderator. Journal Of Educational Research, 105(3), 151-160.
  • Poustchi, H., George, J., Esmaili, S., Esna-Ashari, F., Ardalan, G., Sepanlou, S., & Alavian, S. (2011). Gender Differences in Healthy Ranges for Serum Alanine Aminotransferase Levels in Adolescence. Plos ONE, 6(6), 1-7.
  • Chen, S., & Fu, Y. (2009). Internet use and academic achievement: gender differences in early adolescence. Adolescence, 44(176), 797-812.
  • Appendix
  • Questionnaires
  • The following is the sample of the questions incorporated in the interview
  • SQ1. What common behaviors are evident when the male gender approaches adolescence?
  • SQ2. What common behaviors are evident when the female gender approaches adolescence?
  • SQ3. What differences exists between the behaviors of girls and boys at adolescence stage?
  • SQ4. How do males and females compare on teacher ratings of social–emotional strengths?
  • SQ5. Are behavior changes noted during the adolescence development stage on both boys and girls?
  • Time schedule
  • Activity
  • Start date
  • End date
  • Determining objectives/purpose of research
  • 20th November, 2013
  • 30th November, 2013
  • Generating the research question and hypothesis
  • 2st December, 2013
  • 3rd December, 2013
  • Conducting literature review
  • 5th December, 2013
  • 10th December, 2013
  • Generating survey questions
  • 12th December, 2013
  • 13th December 2013
  • Testing the proposed methodology
  • 15th December, 2013
  • 20th December, 2013
  • Data collection
  • 24th December, 2013
  • 10rd January, 2014
  • Data analysis
  • 13th January, 2014
  • 19th January, 2014
  • Determining themes evident in results
  • 21th January 2014
  • 23rd January, 2014
  • Developing conclusion and recommendations
  • 25st January, 2014
  • 13th, February, 2014
  • Determining implications for further research
  • 15th February, 2014
  • 16th February, 2014
  • Final dissertation writing
  • 18th February, 2014
  • 30th February, 2014
  • Handing dissertation
  • Last day of February
  • Personnel needed
  • The project supervisor
  • The project sponsor
  • The Participants (students from different schools)
  • An assistant in data recording
    • Needed clearance
    • Considering that this research will involve human the ethics clearance certificates will be sort in order to ensure that the research complies with standard set of conducting research. In relation to this the research will ensure that the research conducted maintains privacy of the participants which implies that I will be the only one having information regarding the identity of the participants. The research will also be conducted on a voluntary basis where data will only be collected from the willing participants. All the participants involved in the research will also first be informed on the details regarding the research to be conducted. Parents or the guardians will also be consulted whenever the children will be involved in the study. Additionally the study will also seek the university assurance compliance in order to ensure that the study is conducted within the set university framework of operation.
    • Resources
    • Computers software, stationary, refreshment, labor, money, phone, library services
    • Budget
    • Expense  
  • Expenses
  • Cost in US $
  • Travel
  • 100
  • Phone and internet
  • 20
  • Library services
  • 15
  • Stationary
  • 50
  • Refreshment
  • 50
  • Computer software/ packages/ ink
  • 200
  • Miscellaneous
  • 200
  • Total
  • 600
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
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