For this Application Assignment, consider the differences between measurement and observation. Then think about the differences between and among nominal, ordinal, interval, and ratio levels of measurement and why it is important to know the level(s) of measurement in a study. Finally, consider how you might improve the validity and reliability of variable conceptualization and measurement.

The assignment (2–3 pages):
•    Explain differences between measurement and observation.
•    Explain differences between the four levels of measurement: nominal, ordinal, interval, and ratio.
•    Explain why it is important to know the level(s) of measurement for variables in a study.
•    Describe two techniques that may be used to improve the validity and reliability of variable measurement.
Support your Application Assignment with specific references to all resources used in its preparation. You are to provide a reference list for all resources, including those in the Learning Resources for this course.